38o NINETEENTH CENTURY. pt. ill 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 



SCIENCE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (CONTINUED). 



The Organic Sciences are too difficult to follow out in detail — ^Jussieu's 

 Natural System of Plants — Goethe proves the Metamorphosis of 

 Plants — Humboldt studies the Lines of average Temperature on the 

 Globe — Extends our knowledge of Physical Geography — Writes the 

 * Cosmos '—Death of Humboldt in 1858. 



The short sketch of advances in modern chemistry given in 

 the last chapter brings us to the end of the physical sciences, 

 or those which deal more particularly with the properties of 

 bodies, and the laws of their action upon each other. We 

 must now pass on to those sciences which treat of the past 

 and present histor}^ of the globe and the living beings which 

 inhabit it. I shall not attempt to speak of these sciences 

 separately, for it is clearly impossible without a great deal 

 of special knowledge to follow the modern discoveries in 

 physiology, anatomy, medicine, zoology, botany, and geology. 

 All these sciences had advanced rapidly since the time 

 of Haller and Hunter, Linngeus and Buffon. Famous 

 anatomists and physiologists such as the two Monros, father 

 and son, in England, Bichat (i 771-1802) in France, 

 Camper (i 722-1789) and Blumenbach (i 752-1840) in Ger- 

 many, had been carrying on the study of the comparative 

 structure of men and animals, and training up students to 

 understand, far more completely than before, the functions 



