440 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



SCIENCE OF THE GREEKS. 



FROM B.C. 639 TO A.D. 200. 



The dates 0/ this table refer to the years in tvhich each particular step in advance -was 

 node; but up to the end of the Middle Ages they must be regarded as merely 

 approximative. 



Astronomy. 



B.C. 



€00. Thales marks 

 out solstices and 

 equinoxes, p. 8. 



570. Anaximan- 

 der — The sun- 



I dial ; the phases 

 ofthemoon, p. 9. 



500. Pythagoras 



— The earth 

 moves ; morn- 

 ing and even- 

 ing star the 

 same, p. it. 



450. Anaxagoras 



— Nature of 

 sun and moon ; 

 eclipses ; move- 

 ments (A the 

 planets, p. 13. 



400. Democrituson 

 Milky Way, p. 15, 



360. Kudoxus on 

 movements of 

 the planets^ p. 

 15- 



357. Aristotle on 

 occultation of 

 Mars : asserts 

 that the earth is 

 round, p. 16. 

 Ecliptic and Zo- 

 diac understood 

 by the Greeks, 

 p. 18. 



Aristarchus. 

 Earth moves 

 round the sun ; 

 ob 1 i qui ty ci 

 ecliptic; rota- 

 tion of earth 

 on its axis, p. 20. 



30. Hipparchus 

 on precession of 

 the equinoxes ; 

 calculates ec- 

 lipses, p. 29. 



Phy^cs and 

 Mechanics. 



A.D. 100. Ptole- 

 my founds the 

 Ptolemaic sys- 

 tem, p. 33. 



Chemistry. 



Greeks knew how 

 to extract iron, 

 mercury, and 

 other metals 

 from the ore ; 

 and make co- 

 lours out of 

 earths, p. 40. 



26a Euclid on 

 light travelling 

 in straight lines, 

 p. 21. 



25a Archimedes 

 on the lever ; 

 Hiero's crown 

 and ^jecific gra- 

 vity ; screw of 

 Ardiimedes, pp. 

 22-25. 



120. Hero's en- 

 gine, p. 245. 



Physical 



Geography and 



Geology. 



57a. Anaximan- 

 der makes a 

 map of the 

 known world, p. 

 10. 



50a Pythagoras 

 on changes of 

 land and sea ; 

 on earthquakes, 

 volcanos, and 

 p e t r i f yi ng 

 brings, pp. Il- 

 ia. 



Biology. 



230. Eratosthe- 

 nes lays down 

 first parallel of 

 latitude ; mea- 

 sures circumfer- 

 ence of the 

 earth ; studies 

 mountain 

 chains, pp. 27- 

 29. 



390. Hippocrates 

 father of medi- 

 cine ; separates 

 medicine from 

 the priesthood, 

 P- 15. 



341. Anstotle 

 founder of zoo- 

 logy ; studies 

 the nature of 

 plants and ani- 

 mals, p. 16. 



34a Theophras- 

 tus first bota- 

 nist, p. 17. 



Erasistratus and 

 Herc^hilus the 

 first anato- 

 mists; they 

 study brain, 

 muscles, and 

 nerves, p. 26. 



A. D. 100. Ptole- 

 my on geo- 

 graphy, p. 23. 



Strabo on earth- 

 quakes and vol- 

 canoes, p. 33. 



A.D. 160. Galen, 

 physician, 

 studies nerves 

 and arteries ; 

 works out a 

 theory of medi- 

 cine, p. 33. 



