454 



INDEX. 



ANTIQUITY 



Antiquity of man, 415 ; Lyell's work on, 

 418 



Aphides, Bonnet on, 200 



Apollo, god of the sun, 8 



Apple, Newton and the, 149 ; -leaf, skin of, 

 showing stomates, 141 



Aqueous rocks, Hutton on, 220 



A^abs, conquests of the, 39 ; bum Alex- 

 andrian library, 39 ; science of the, 40 ; 

 chemistry of the, 41 ; gunpowder known 

 to the, 42 ; medical schools of the, 40 



Arago on polarisation of light, 311 ; on 

 electro-magnetism, 347 ; on Biela's comet, 

 291 



Archimedes on the lever, 22 ; on Hiero's 

 crown and specific gravity, 23 ; screw of, 

 25 ; killed in the Punic war, 25 



Areas described by planets about their 

 centre, 100 



Aristarchus taught that the earth moves 

 round the sun, 20 ; discovered obliquity 

 of ecliptic, 21 ; and rotation of the earth 

 on its axis, 21 



Aristotelians, dogmatism of the, 81, 106 



Aristotle on astronomy and zoology, i6 ; 

 on development of animals, 419 



Arteries, passage of blood in, in ; throb- 

 bing of explained, 112 



Articulata, term explained, 396 



Asellius on lacteals and nourishing fluid, 

 114 



Astatic needle of the telegraph, 359 



Asteroids, or minor planets, 289 



Astrology of the Arabs, 45 



Astronomy, definition of, 2 ; of Thales, 8 ; 

 of Anaximander, 9 ; of Anaxagoras, 13 ; 

 of Aristotle, 15 ; of Aristarchus, 20 ; of 

 Hipparchus, 29 ; of Ptolemy, 32 ; of 

 Albategnius, 45 ; of Ebn Junis, 46 ; of 

 seventeenth century, 182-184 ; of eigh- 

 teenth century, 284 ; of nineteenth cen- 

 tury, 288 



Atmosphere, refraction of sun's rays in 

 the, 48: varying weight of the, 118; 

 pressure of the, 122 



Atomic theory, 374 ; difficulties of the, 376 



Atoms, definition of term, 375 ; weight of 

 chemical, 374 : of all the planets attract 

 each other, 151 



Attraction, by electricity, 77, 123 ; of 

 gravitation decreases with square of the 

 distance, 152 



Aurora borealis coincident with outbreak 

 of a sun-spot, 356 



Australia, fossil and living pouched animals 

 of 422 



BONNET 



Authority valued more than truth in thej 



Dark Ages, 105 

 Avicenna on minerals, 50 



BACON, Roger, his 'Opus Majus.' 52 

 Bacon, Francis, his influence 01 



science, 103 ; on heat, 330 

 Bagdad, medical school of, ao 

 Bain's telegraph, 361 

 Balloons, hydrogen used for filling, 231 

 Barometer, invention of the, 116-19 

 Bartholinus on double refraction in Iceland 



spar, 180 

 Basalt, disputes about formation of, 219-21 " 

 Bates on species of Amazon insects, 420 

 Battery, first electric, 262 

 Becher proposes theory of Phlogiston, 135 

 Beddoes, Dr., employs Davy, 363 

 Beehive, star-cluster called the, 275 

 Bees, clover fertilised by, 429 

 Ben Musa, Arabian mathematician, 46 

 Bergmann on chemical affinity, 228 ; on 



tests of mineral waters, 229 ; on ' fixed 



air,' 230 

 Berzellius — His discoveries by electrolysis, 



367 ; on use of blowpipe, 367 

 Betelgeux, no hydrogen in light of, 327 ^ 

 Bichat cited, 380 a 



Biela's comet alarmed the world, 291 j| 



divided into two, 292 

 Binary stars, Herschel discovers, 273 

 Biology, definition of, 2 ; of seventeenth 



century, 185 ; spread of in eighteenth 



century, 190 

 Biot on meteoric stone-fall, 298 ; on polari- 

 sation, 314 

 Birds, Ray and Willughby on, 144 ; rapid 



multiplication of, 429 

 Black discovers ' fixed air,' 226-228 ; on 



latent heat, 241-243 ; Young studies 



under, 303 

 Blood, circulation of the, iJi-13; earlier 



theories about, 1 10 ; air-bubbles drawn 



out of the, 134 

 Blowpipe, Berzellius on use of, 367 

 Blumenbach cited, 380 

 Bode's law, 289 

 Boerhaave, his character and influence, 



191 ; on organic chemistry, 192 ; on 



juices of plants, 193 ; on fluids of animals, 



194 ; his death, 194 

 Bonnet's experiments on aphides and 



plants, 200 ; on regrowth of severed 



limbs, 201 ; on development of animals. 



