462 



INDEX, 



MOONS 



explained by Anaximander, 10 ; Thales 

 on reflection of the, 9 ; secondary light 

 of the, 89 ; movement of used by New- 

 ton to test his law of gravitation, 150 ; 

 Lagrange on libration of, 267 ; why she 

 turns the same face to us, 268 

 Moons, Jupiter's, 90 

 lyioraines of glaciers, 412 

 Moro, Lazzaro, on formation of strata, 216 

 Morse, his electric telegraph, 356, 361 

 Mother-of-pearl, cause of colours in, 309 

 Motion, conversion of, into heat, 332, 337 

 Mountain-chains, Eratosthenes studies, 29 

 Mouse consuming air in a bell-jar, 132 

 Mud carried down by the Ganges, 407 

 Murchison cited, 407 



Muscles, Haller on contraction of the, 197 

 Musical notes, Pythagoras on, 12 



NAPOLEON I. takes St-Hilalre to 

 Egypt, 391 

 Natural history of seventeenth century, 



137-145 

 Natural philosophy, Leonardo da Vinci on, 



58 

 Natural selection, theory of, 426-428 ; ob- 

 jection to the theory of, 428 ; difficulties 

 of natural history explained by, 431 ; 

 does not exclude Divine Power, 432 

 Natural system of plants, 211, 382 

 Nebulae, Herschel on the nature of, 275 : 



spectrum analysis of, 327 

 Nebular hypothesis, 271 

 Negative and positive electricity, 256, 262 

 Negro, colouring matter in skin of, 139 

 Neptune, position of found by Adams and 

 Leverrier, 292 ; seen by Galle, 294 ; his 

 moons, 295 

 Neptunists and Vulcanists, 218 

 Nerves, Galen on two sets of, 34 

 Nestorians, science of the, 40 

 Neuchatel, erratic block near, 413 

 Newcomen's engine, 246 

 Newt, re-growth of eye of, 202 

 Newton, birth and early life of, 14 ; his 

 Jaw of gravitation, 148-155, 183 ; his 

 method of fluxions, 148 ; on variation of 

 attraction, 152 ; on cause of tides, 154 ; 

 on specific gravity of planets, 154 ; on 

 shape of the earth, 154 ; on precession of 

 equinoxes, 154; on motion of comets, 

 155 ; on sound, 175 ; on chemical attrac- 

 tion, 229 ; on attraction of plumbline to 

 a mountain, 278 ; on light and colour, 

 J48 ; on disiiersion of light, 164, 185 ex- 



PAPIN 



plains the spectrum, 166 ; and compound 

 nature of light, 165-167 ; his rotating 

 disc, 168 ; his work on chemistry de- 

 stroyed, 170 ; his work on optics, 169 ; 

 his theory of light, 174, 303 ; his charac- 

 ter and death, 170 



Newton, Prof., on falling stars, 229 



Nicholson on decomposititm of water by 

 electricity, 364 



Nile, mud carried down by, 11 



Nineteenth century, tendency of science of, 

 434 



Nitrogen, compounds of oxygen with, 373 ; 

 Rutherford on, 235 



Nitrous oxide, Davy's experiments on, 363 



Nobili on animal electricity, 261 



' Novum Organum,' 103 



Numerals, Indian, introduced into Europe, 

 46 



Nutation of earth's axis, 266 



OBLlQUlTi^ of ecliptic, Anaxagoras 

 on, 21 

 Observatory, Tycho's, 79 

 Oersted on electro-magnetism, 341 

 Olbers, Dr., discovers Pallas and Vesta, 



290 

 Optics, Alhazen on, 46 ; Porta on, 76 ; 



Kepler on, 96 ; Newton's work on, 169 

 ' Opus Majus ' of Roger Bacon, 51 

 Orbits of the planets, elliptical, 98 ; .do not 



all lie in the same plane, 99 ; governed 



by gra\ itation, 151 

 Organic chemistry, foundation ci, 190 ; 



Liebig on, 377 

 Organic sciences of nineteenth century too 



difficult to follow, 380 

 Organs, of digestion arranged by Hunter, 



199 ; modification of, 381 ; St. Hilaire on 



modification of, 393 

 ' Ossemens Fossiles ' published, 399 

 Ovid's ' Metamorphoses,' ii 

 Oviparous and viviparous animals, 143 

 Oxford, early meetings of Royal Society 



at, 125 

 Oxygen called * fire-air' by Mayow, 134 ; 



discovered by Priestley and Seheele, 231- 



234 ; amount of in water, 372 ; compounds 



of with nitrogen, 373 



PADUA, Professors of, 67, 71, 81, no 

 Palissy on fossil shells, 215 

 Pallas discovered, 290 

 Papin's engine, 246 



