I 



464 



INDEX, 



REFLECTION 



Reflection of light, 177 ; polarization of 

 light by, 309 



Refraction explained by Alhazen, 47 ; ex- 

 plained by Huyghens, 178 ; figures illus- 

 trating, 179 ; double, 179, 180 ; Snellius 

 discovers law of, 106 ; method of mea- 

 suring, 108 ; of coloured rays, 166 ; 



' R^gne Animal,' Cuvier's, 397 



Reptiles, gigantic fossil, 423 



Repulsion by electricity, 124 



Respiration, Boyle on air used in, 131 ; 

 Mayow on effects of fire-air in, 134 



Richter on chemical law of proportions, 

 373 ; and Reich discover iridium, 323 



Rieban, Mr. Faraday's master, 348 



Ritter discovers chemical rays, 315 



Rivinus on plants, 209 



Robison on Watts, 245 



Rocks, diagrams of, bent and broken, 218 ; 

 new ones formed out of old, 220 



Roe of codfish, animalcules in, 140 



Roemer measures velocity of light, 172 



Roger Bacon makes gunpowder, 52 ; his 

 experiments on air, 52 



Ronald's, Mr., attempt at electric tele- 

 graph, 356 



Rose, modification of parts in the, 382 ; 

 number of species of, 420 



Rothmann, Dr., befriends Linnseus, 205, 

 207 



Royal Institution, Young professor at, 303 ; 

 Davy at, 363 ; Faraday at, 348 



Royal Society founded, 125 ; early mem- 

 bers of, 127 ; Newton learns the real 

 size of the earth at the, 150 ; Halley's 

 method proposed to the, 158 



Rubidium discovered, 323 



Riidbeck discovers lymphatics. T15 



Rudimentary organs, 421 



Rudolph II. protects Tycho and Kepler, 



79, 95 , 



Rudolphine tables, 79, loi ; used to pre- 

 dict transits, 157 



Rumford, Count, his history, 330 ; pro- 

 duces heat by friction, 331 ; appoints 

 Davy to Royal Institution, 363 



Rutherford, Dr., on nitrogen, 235 



SABINE, Sir E., on connection between 

 sun-spots and magnetic currents, 355 ; 

 on weight of our earth, 280 

 St.-Hilaire, G., history of, 390 ; on Egyp- 

 tian animals, 391 ; on homologous parts 

 of animals, 393 ; his discussion with 

 Cuvier, 395 



SLOUGH 



Salamanders, regrowth of limbs of, 201 

 Sal-ammoniac known to the Arabs, 45 

 Salerno, medical school of, 40 

 Salt, colour of burning, 322 

 Salts of plants extracted, 193 

 Sap, Ray and Willughby on, 143 

 Satellites of Jupiter, 90 ; eclipses of, 173 

 Saturn, atmosphere of, 327 ; weight of, 154; 

 his ring seen by Galileo, 92 ; and Jupit 

 long inequality of, 269 

 Saussure, De, on glaciers, 412 

 Savery's engine, 246 

 Scheele, discoveries of, 232 ; on chemical 



rays of light, 316 

 Schehallien experiment, 277 ; diagram of, 



279 

 Schiaparelli on August meteors, 298 

 Schoeffer, Peter, the printer, 55 

 Schwabe on periodicity of sun-spots, 354 

 Science, definition of, i ; of the Greeks, 

 7 ; decay of Greek, 35 ; of the Middle 

 Ages, 39, 59 ; of the Arabs, 39, 50 ; rise 

 of modem, 63 et seq. ; of sixteenth cen- 

 tury, 82 ; seventeenth century, 182 ; 

 eighteenth century, 280 ; academies of, 

 124 ; lists of chief men of, 6, 38, 62, 86, 

 188, 286 

 Scilla on Calabrian fossils, 216 

 Scotland, glaciation of, 414 

 Screw of Archimedes, 25 

 Sea, land eaten away by the, 406, 408 

 Seasons caused by obliquity of ecliptic, 20 

 Section of the skin, 139 

 Seebeck, Professor, discovers thermo-elec- 

 tricity, 352 

 Seeds and germs, growth of compared, 



141 ; classification of plants by, 71 

 S€guin, M,, on mechanical equivalent of 



heat, 335 

 Selection of animals by man, 428 ; Natural, 



429^ 

 Serapis, rise and sinking of temple of, 408 

 Servetus on circulation of blood, in 

 Seventeenth century, characteristic work 

 of. 433 ; summary of science of the, 182, 

 186 

 Shooting-stars, a legend concerning, 297 

 Sicily, thickness of limestone rocks in, 407 

 Silkworm, Malpighi on structure of, 139 

 Simpson, Dr., on chloroform, 378 

 Sines of incident and refracted rays, 109 

 Sixteenth century, advance of science in 



the, 82, 433 

 Skaptar Jokul, torrent of lava from, 408 

 Skin, section of, 139 

 Slough, Herschel's observatory at, 273, 295 



