INDEX. 



465 



SMITH 

 Smith, Sir E., brings Linnsean collection 



to England, 213 

 Smith, William, surveys England, 223 

 Snails, regrowth of parts in, 201 

 Snellius discovers law of refraction, 106 

 Soap-bubble, Newton on the, 169 ; cause 



of colours on the, 307 

 Soda, composition of, 376 

 Sodium discovered by Davy, 365 ; power 



of to decompose water, 375 ; spectrum 



of, 322 ; KirchhofTs experiments with 



vapour of, 325 

 Soho, manufactory of engines at, 251 

 Soil, substances taken from by plants, 



193 



Solar, spectrum, dark lines m, 318 ; and 

 star- spectrum compared, 321 ; system, 

 motion of through space, 275 



Solstices observed by Thales, 9 



Sound, Newton on, 175 ; light compared 

 to, 176, 178 



Spallanzani on regrowth of severed limbs, 

 201 



Specific gravity first measured by Archi- 

 medes, 23 



Specific names given by Linnseas, 208 



Spectra, table of, 320 



Spectrum studied by Newton, 165 ; dark 

 lines on the, 318, 320 ; their cause ex- 

 plained, 323 ; of different substances, 

 321 ; of gases, 322 ; of solids, 322 



Spectrum analysis, history of, 315-28 : 

 metals discovered by, 323 ; of sunlight, 

 323 ; of stars, 326 ; of nebulae, 327 ; of 

 meteors, 328 ; use of in chemistry, 370 



Spencer, Herbert, on evolution, 435 



Spirit, Arabian name for gas, 42 



Spirits of wine made by Geber, 44 



Spots on the sun, periodicity of, 354 



Stahl's work in chemistry, 135 ; on phlo- 

 giston, 13s 



Ctar, morning and evening, 11 ; -clusters 

 and nebulae, Herschel on, 274 ; -gauging 

 by Sir W. Herschel, 273 



Stars, binary, 273 ; spectrum analysis of 

 the, 326 



Statics, Stevinus on, 82 



Steam, condensation of, 249 ; latent heat 



Steam-engine, history of the, 245 ; New- 



comen's, 246 ; Watt's, 249 

 Steinheil on electric telegraph, 357: o" 



earth acting as return wire, 358 

 Steno on fossils in the earth's crust, 215 

 Stereoscope, Sir J. Herschel on the, 320 

 Stevinus on statics, 82 



THERMOMETER 



Stokes, Professor, on dark lines in solar 



spectrum, 323 

 Stomachs of animals, peculiarities of, 199 

 Stone tools of lake-dwellings, 417 

 Strabo on earthquakes and volcanoes, 33 

 Strata of England mapped by W. Smith, 223 

 Striae caused by glaciers, 413 

 Struve on Neptune's moons, 295 

 Sublimation described by Geber, 44 

 Suction-tube, section of a, 117 

 Sulphuric acid made by Geber, 45 

 Summary of science of sixteenth century, 

 82 ; of seventeenth century, 182 ; of 

 eighteenth century, 280 

 Sun, experiment to explain the movement 

 of the earth round the, 19 ; seen after 

 setting by means of refraction, 48 ; ro- 

 tation on its axis proved by Galileo, 92 ; 

 his distance 108 times his diameter, 159 ; 

 method of measuring the diameter, 159- 

 161 : distance from the earth, 162 ; holds 

 the planets round it by gravitation, 152 ; 

 meteors falling into, 300 ; atmosphere of 

 vapours surrounding the, 325 ; spectrum 

 of the light of, 318 

 Sun-dial invented by Anaximander, 10 

 Sun-spots seen by Galileo and Harriot, 92 ; 

 Sir W. Herschel on cause of, 353 : 

 Schwabe on periodicity of, 354 ; their 

 connection with magnetic currents, 355 

 Switzeriand, glaciers of, 412; lake-dwel- 

 lings of, 416 

 Syene, earth's circumference measured 



from, 29 

 Syntaxis of Ptolemy, 32 

 Synthesis, term explained, 371 

 ' System of the World,' by Galileo, 93 

 ' Systema Naturae ' published, 211 



TALBOT, Fox, on sun-pictures, 317 ; on 

 spectra of flames, 323 

 Telegraph (iee electric telegraph) 

 Telescope, Roger Bacon's idea of, 52 ; in- 

 vention of the, 87 ; Galileo's, 89 ; Kepler's, 

 97 ; achromatic, i6g 

 Tessier, Abbe, meets Cuvier, 390 

 Tests, Bergmann on chemical, 229 

 Thales, science of, 8 

 Thallium discovered, 323 

 Theophrastus the first botanist, 17 

 Theories about living beings, 381 

 Theory of the * Earth ' published. 219 

 Thermo-electricity, discovery of, 352 

 Thermometer, invention of the, lac 



