1906.] A lien , Mammals from Hainan , China . 467 



are much narrowed, expanding again apically. In other words, 

 they are the nasals of M. javanica on a skull essentially of the type 

 of M. aurita. In M. aurita, however, the pterygoids are long, 

 about as long as the palatines, and enclose a long postpalatal fossa, 

 as is the case also in M. pentadactyla and M. javanica; in M. pusilla 

 the pterygoids are short, or only about half as long as the palatines, 

 with a correspondingly short postpalatal fossa. These differential 

 features are not such as could be accounted for by any probable 

 amount of individual variation in either M. aurita or M. javanica, its 

 nearest geographical allies. 



The species is based upon three specimens, which agree in all 

 essential characters, though differing considerably in age. The older 

 specimen is without any more definite locality than "Hainan, 

 China," but as it is a very old individual, with the skull perfect and 

 heavily ossified, it has been taken for the type in preference to the 

 others, which are younger, with the bones of the skull less dense and 

 the sutures more open, collected as follows: a young adult, Manrin, 

 June n, 1904; a still younger specimen, Manrin, June 10, 1903. 



Mr. Swinhoe (P. Z. S., 1870, p. 236) "procured the skins of an 

 adult and of a young Scaly Anteater at Hainan," which, he says, 

 "have much in common with the South-China species. " He referred 

 the specimens to Manis dalmanni Sundevall, which is now currently 

 recognized as a synonym of M. aurita. 



2. Rusa unicolor equinus (Cuvier). 



Hainan Sambur, SWINHOE, P. Z. S , 1869. pp. 656-660, figs. 1-3, antlers. 

 (Referred to Cervus equinus Cuv. in text, p. 659.) 



Cervus hippelaphus SWINHOE, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 647, in text. 



Not represented in the present collection. 



Swinhoe says: "The Sambur is an abundant species on the jungly 

 mountains of the southern half of Hainan; and large numbers are 

 yearly slaughtered by the independent Le tribes, and the skins and 

 horns bartered to the Chinese" (7. c., p. 659). Mr. Swinhoe obtained 

 the skins of a male and a female, both adult, in winter coat, and three 

 pairs of antlers of animals from two to five years old. These specimens 

 are carefully described and the antlers are figured. The species was 

 at first believed "to be identical with the Cervus equinus Cuv., of 

 Sumatra and Borneo, " but a year later (op. cit., 1870, p. 647) he refers 

 to it as "C. hippelaphus." Lydekker, in his 'Deer of All Lands' 

 (p. 153), includes the Hainan Sambar under his Cervus unicolor 

 equinus, "as suggested by Mr. W. L. Sclater." 



