47 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXII. 



length, 80 and 72; zygomatic breadth, 38.5 and 36.8; interorbital 

 breadth, 18 and 15.5; width of braincase, 27 and 25; front of incisors 

 to first molariform tooth, 25 and 21.6; height of skull with lower 

 jaw, 51 and 45.7 mm. The young skull measures considerably less 

 than the Swinhoe skull. 



The discrepancies between Swinhoe's description of Lepus hainanus 

 and the present specimens may be in part due to faults of description, 

 yet it is hard to believe that he could have overlooked the deep 

 groove on the inner third of the incisors, although he may have 

 written posterior for anterior in describing the palatal spine. In the 

 present specimens there is a broad white eyering, which extends for- 

 ward as a broad band nearly to the nose. Swinhoe says: "Anterior 

 edge of eyelids and a patch in front of it white." The plate, 

 however, shows a distinct, rather broad light eyering. There 

 may be, of course, two small species of Lepus on the island of 

 Hainan, but in the present connection it seems better to recognize 

 but one. 



Since writing the above I have examined Dr. C. J. Forsyth-Major's 

 memoir (I. c.) ' On Fossil and Recent Lagomorpha, ' where he figures 

 (text fig. xix, p. 468) the anterior end of the upper incisors of Lepus 

 hainanus (doubtless from the type specimen, although it is not so 

 stated). The enamel pattern as here shown agrees perfectly with 

 that of the adult specimen here described; which seems to show 

 conclusively that the apparent discrepancies between my specimens 

 and Swinhoe's description of L. hainanus are due to the inaccuracy 

 of the description. 



Atherurus hainanus sp. nov. 



Type, and only specimen, No. 26641.. old adult (sex?), Hainan, September, 

 1902. 



Above brown, blackish, on the back, lighter, dusky brown on the head, the 

 flanks varied dark brown and whitish; underparts light brown much varied 

 with whitish; upper surface of feet and limbs brown, the latter proximally 

 lighter and tinged with lavender gray. The spines over the mid-dorsal region 

 are apically blackish, the basal half lighter, gradually passing into whitish at 

 extreme base; some of the shorter ones are tipped with white, but only a few 

 of these are visible at the surface. On the sides of the body the exposed portion 

 of a few of the longest spines is wholly dusky, but the greater number are white 

 with a broad indistinctly denned dusky band of variable extent on different 

 spines. On the ventral surface the prevailing pale brown color is due to the tips 

 of the spines, the basal three fourths or more being whitish or white. 



The spines are flat on the lower surface and strongly grooved on the upper, 

 and very sharp pointed; the transverse diameter is much greater than the 



