1906.] Allen, Mammals from Hainan, China. 47 J 



antero-posterior. On the nape the spines are about 20-25 mm - lo n g> increasing 

 in length on the more posterior parts of the mid-dorsal region to about 40 mm., 

 and on the lumbar region from 45 to 55 mm. Mixed sparsely with the flattened 

 spines are a few slender bristly spines, round and tapering, usually dusky or 

 broadly banded with dusky proximally and whitish for their apical third; the 

 longest, situated on the posterior third of the body, have a length of 70 to 90 

 mm. Between the spines is a very sparse coat of fine yellowish white hair, 

 visible only on separating the spines. 



The muzzle is wholly covered with short hair, and a broad eyering is sim- 

 ilarly clothed; soles and palms naked; the nails on the fore feet are short, thick, 

 and subconical, 5-7 mm. long, those on the hind feet are of similar form, but 

 of course stouter. The tail, except at the extreme base, is scaly, the middle 

 portion nearly naked, the only covering being short, thick blackish spines, 5 to 

 15 mm. in length, interspersed with longer bristly hairs, there being usually 

 either a bristle or a spine at the apical border of each scale. These become 

 longer and assume the character of thick spiny bristles over the subapical 

 fifth of the tail, while on the apical fifth they are replaced by flattened foliaceous 

 bristles, nearly 2 mm. wide and 50 to 60 mm. long. The ears are high and narrow, 

 rounded on the antero-upper border, nearly straight on the posterior border, 

 with a distinct emargination at the base 



Measurements. The following external measurements are from a well- 

 made dry skin: Total length, 520; head and body, 381 ; tail, 139; hind foot, 64 ; 

 ear from notch, 30 ; width of ear, 18 mm. 



Skull. The skull in general form is quite similar to that of E. macroura, but 

 the malar has less anterior extension. The palatal fossa is nearly v-shaped 

 and extends forward to the middle of the penultimate molar. The present 

 skull is that of an old individual, of unknown sex, with the teeth much worn. 

 It measures, condylo-basal length, 89; basal length, 82; basilar length, 74; 

 palatal length, 45; palatilar length, 37; least interorbital breadth, 27; greatest 

 breadth (at posterior end of zygomata), 45; mastoid breadth, 32.3; length of 

 nasals, 27; width of nasals anteriorly, 20.5, posteriorly, n; length of upper 

 diastema, 256; length of upper toothrow (crown surface) ., 15; length of mandible 

 (front border of symphasis to posterior border of condyle) ,55; height of lower, 

 jaw at condyle, 22 ; length of lower toothrow, 16.5 mm. 



This species is nearly related to Atherurus macrourus (Linn.) 

 of the neighboring mainland (Malay Peninsula, Cochin China, Burma, 

 Assam), but is smaller and darker in color, with shorter spines and a 

 much shorter tail. It more nearly agrees in size with the insular 

 Atherurus zygomaticus Miller, from Pulo Aor, from which it differs 

 in the narrower zygoma and larger lachrymal. 



The only previous record I have met with of a porcupine in Hainan 

 is Swinhoe's statement (P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 233, 638) that one of his 

 party "picked up a Porcupine's quill in the jungle at Nychow (S. 

 Hainan)," which was evidently a quill of some speciesof Hystrix and 

 not of an Atherura. He referred it first to Hystrix hodgsoni Gray 

 (/. c., p. 233), and later (/. c., p. 638) to his H. subcristata. It is on 



