43 6 



RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT. 



i.e. the pollination of the pistil of one flower by pollen from another, is 

 sure to take place, if it is pollinated at all. Even in monoecious plants cross 

 pollination often takes place Between flowers of different individuals, so that 



Fig. 454- 



Viola cucullata; blue flowers above, cleistogamous flowers smaller and curved below. 

 Section of pistil at right. 



more widely different stocks are united in the fertilized egg, and the strain 

 is kept more vigorous than if very close or identical strains were united. 



848. But there are many flowers in which both stamens and pistils are pres- 

 ent, and yet in which cross pollination is accomplished through the agency oJ 

 insects. . 



859 Pollination of the bluet. In the pretty bluet the stamens and 

 styles of the flowers are of different length as shown in figures 455, 4-6. 

 The stamens of the long-styled flower are at about the same level as the 

 stigma of the short-styled flower, while the stamens of the latter are on 



