THE FRUIT. 



455 



884. The berry. In the true berry both exocarp (including 

 mesocarp) and endocarp are fleshy or juicy. Good examples 

 are found in cranberries, huckleberries, gooseberries, currants, 

 snowberries, tomatoes, etc. The calyx and wall of the pistil 

 are adnate, and in fruit become fleshy so that the seeds are im- 

 bedded in the pulpy juice. The seeds themselves are more or 

 less stony. In the case of berries, as well as in strawberries, rasp- 

 berries, and blackberries, the fruits are eagerly sought by birds 

 and other animals for food. The seeds being hard are not 

 digested, but are passed with the other animal excrement and 

 thus gain dispersal. 



V. Reinforced, or Accessory, Fruits. 



When the torus (receptacle) is grown to the pericarp in fruit, 

 the fruit is said to be reinforced. The torus may enclose the 

 pericarps, or the latter may be seated upon the torus. 



885. In the strawberry the receptacle of the flower becomes 



Fig. 478. 

 Fruit of raspberry. 



larger and fleshy, while the " seeds," which are akenes, are sunk 

 in the surface and are hard and stony. The strawberry thus 



