MONOCOTYLEDONS: LILIACE&. 655 



Sketch a member of the calyx, corolla, and andrcecium. Sketch the 

 pistil, naming the parts. Make a section of the pistil (preferably one in 

 which the seeds are nearly mature) and determine the number of carpel's 

 united to form it. How are the number of carpels manifested in the stigma ? 



Construct a floral diagram to show the relation and number of the different 

 members of the flower. 



The flower of the adder's-tongue is complete, because it possesses all the 

 floral sets. It is perfect, because it possesses both the andrcecium and 

 gynoecium. It is regular, because all the members of the calyx, as well 

 as those of the corolla, are of equal size. 



1147. Other examples of the lily family. The lily family is 

 a large one. Another example is found in the "Solomon's- 

 seal," with its elongated, perennial rootstock, the scars formed 

 by the falling away of each annual shoot resembling a seal. The 

 onion, smilax, asparagus, lily-of- the- valley, etc., are members of 

 the lily family. The parts of the flower are usually in threes, 

 though there is an exception in the genus Unifolium, where the 

 parts are in twos. A remarkable exception occurs sometimes in 

 Trillium grandiflorum, where the flower is abnormal and the 

 parts are in twos. 



OUTDOOR OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE 



If the study of the plant families is carried on during the spring, 

 excursions should be made, if possible, to the fields and woods 

 at opportune times for the purpose of studying some of the 

 plants in their natural surroundings. The short studies given 

 here will serve to indicate some of the observations that can be 

 made during these excursions. 



Some of the early spring flowers like trillium and erythronium 

 are formed the previous year, and are nearly or quite mature in 

 the autumn. The flower-bud is, of course, at this time unfolded. 

 The stem which bears the flower is very short, so that the flower- 

 bud is covered by leaf-mold and soft humus during the winter. 

 If possible one should examine plants of trillium at intervals of 

 three or four weeks during the spring, summer, and autumn. 

 The young flower begins to form in June and July, and by autumn 



