FAMILIES OF ANGIOSPERMS. 



If it is desired to study the goldenrod instead of the aster, it will be well 

 to make a comparison with the aster, and the account of the aster here 

 given will serve as a guide for the study of the goldenrod. The daisy is 

 also a good one to compare with the aster, and the outline for the study 

 of the aster here given will answer for the basis of such a study. 



1187. Lesson XXII. The chickory 

 family (Cichoriaceae). The rattle- 

 snake-weed (Hieracium venosum) is 

 an example of another type, with 

 only one kind of flower in the head, 

 the true ligulate flower. The hawk-, 

 weed, or devil's paint-brush (H. au~ 

 rantiacum), is a related species, which 

 is a troublesome weed. The dande- 

 lion and prickly lettuce are also 

 members of the ligulate-flowered com- 

 posites. 



These liguiate-flowered composites 

 are now usually separated from the 

 other composites as a distinct family 

 (the chicory family) Cichoriaceae, 

 which stands just before the Com- 

 positae. 



SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDY OF THE DANDELION. 



1188. The dandelion (Taraxacum dens leonis). 



The entire plant. Note the very short stem (the plant is sometimes said 

 to be acaulescent, but it has a short stem). Note the thick root; the posi- 

 tion of the leaves (often called radicle leaves because of their position on 

 the short stem so near the roots). Sketch a leaf to show its form. 



The inflorescence. What is the kind of inflorescence? Note the leaf- 

 less stem (flowering scape) which bears the head of flowers. Cut across 

 the stem and split it, and then describe its character. 



The involucre. How many whorls of bracts are there in the involucre ? 

 Comparing plants in flower and at different stages of maturity, describe 

 the different positions of the involucre. 



The flowers. Are all the flowers strap-shaped ? Note the ligula. Why 

 is it a true ligula? Describe and sketch a single flower. 



The calyx. What represents the calyx? Describe the free portion, or- 

 limb. What is the insertion of the calyx? 



Fig. 502. 



Rattlesnake-weed (Hieracium 

 venosum). 



