70 VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



tion of one lung, but it more often attacks both lungs at once The 

 pleura are generally involved to the same extent as the lungs. 



Etiology. — The causes of pleuro-pneumonia are the same as those of 

 l^neumonia. Besides, it may prevail epidemically. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms in the early stage are those of pneumonia, 

 with the addition of the friction sound heard best over elevated ridges at 

 the junction of the cartilages and the ribs. The pulse is more affected 

 than in pneumonia, and less so than in simple pleurisy, and usually 

 averages about 70. 



In the second, or moist, and in the later stages, the symptoms are 

 also similar to those which are detailed under the head of pneumonia 

 and pleurisy, and are in fact, as we might expect, a combination of both. 



A peculiar low form of pleuro-pneumonia often prevails as an epi- 

 zootic in large towns, the early symptoms of which are very obscure. 

 The animal merely shows dulness and loss of appetite and increased fre- 

 quency of pulse. The respiratory movements are at first so little af- 

 fected that unless the practitioner is on his guard and tests the state of 

 the lungs by auscultation, the disease may make some progress before its 

 real nature is suspected. 



Treatment of pneumonia and pleuro-2meumo)ua. — When any of the 

 premonitory symptoms, such as slight catarrh, fever, dulness, or loss of 

 appetite appear, we must at once have recourse to an abundant supply of 

 cool fresh air, abstinence from grain, laxative diet, entire rest, extra 

 clothing, and warm bandages to the legs. In all cases, it is desirable that 

 the animal should at once be removed to an airy, loose box. Diffusible 

 stimulants are also beneficial. 



If these simple remedies do not altogether avert, or at least bring- 

 about subsidence of the attack within a very short time, we must have 

 recourse to medical treatment. 



Bleeding, once the favorite treatment in this affection, is no longer 

 countenanced by leading men. The horse should be placed at once in a 

 comfortable loose box. Place pure water, not very cold, within reach at 

 all times. Food will not be touched, unless it be a little well-made 

 gruel, and not at all during the height of the disease. Keep the body 

 warm by not too many blankets; and in rapid and painful breathing 

 bathe the sides with warm water, as recommended in pleurisy. To pre- 

 vent taking cold, rub tlie parts with 



