PART III. 



ANATOMY, DISEASES AND TKEATMI-.M 

 OF CATTLE. 



CHAPTER I 



ANATOMY OF THE OX 



Each of the bones and joints of the ox receive tlve same name 

 as those of the horse. There are a few important points of differ- 

 ence in the structure of the skeleton of the ox and horse, viz.: 

 There are only thirteen pairs of ribs in the ox while the horse has 

 eighteen pairs. The breast bone or sternum is much larger and 

 flatter in the ox than it is in the horse. This is important to 

 remember because when there is anything wrong with the lungs 

 or chest of cattle they always lie down, for the breast bone and the 

 ribs are so formed that when they lie on the breast bone it expands 

 the chest, giving the animal more relief than if it was standing, 

 while the horse always stands in lung troubl*, for his breast boo« 

 and ribs are so formed that It contracts the chest and girma kin 

 more pain while lying down. The booes of th« hMul of the ox 

 differ from those of the horse by being vary haary and wida oa the 

 upper part of the skull and has a projection of bone at each side 

 on the upper part of the skull called the core of the horn. This is 

 important -on account of dehorning, and every one interested 

 should become familiar with it This projection or the core of the 

 horn is hollow inside which is a continuation of the sinuses or 

 cavities in the bones of the head. Attached to the core of the 

 horn and covering it, is the horn itself. Another point of difference 

 between the ox and the horse, is that there are two small bones 

 found in the heart of the ox called the cardiac or heart bonea, 

 while in the horse's heart there are no bones at all to be fouod. 



