360 THE VETERINARY SCIENCE. 



pupping and the only thing to be done Is to see that she is dry 

 and warm, and that the pups are sucking her all right. 



HOW TO CUT PUPS' TAILS. 



This is usually done when the pup is ibout a month old. The 



length of the tail to be left on varies with the breed of the pup ; 



find out the length you want to leave it and then find the joint, 



and cut it through with one stroke of a sharp knife. They do not 



usually bleed, but if it should, touch the spots with Monsell's 



solution of iron, or if you have not got that just touch it with a 



red hot iron which will stop it, but in most cases it will be all right 



without anything. 



HOW TO CASTRATE A DOG. 



This operation is done at all ages — but like other animals it is 



best done when he is young ; it is very simple. Catch the dog and 



roll him up in a blanket, turning his front legs back and his hind 



legs forward so as to catch them in the blanket, and have him held 



on his back with his hind end stuck out of the blanket enough to 



get at the bag. Take hold of the testicle with your left hand, and 



with a sharp knife in your right hand, let out the testicle by 



making a cut in the bag large enough to let it out, separate the 



covering which is attached to the back part of the testicle with 



your knife, as soon as this is cut draw the testicle well up, and il 



he is a young dog cut the cord off with a scissors which will stop 



the bleeding, but if he is an old dog, tie the cord tight with a piece 



of strong string, leaving the ends long enough so they will hang 



out of the bag, then cut the testicle off about one-half an inch 



below where it is tied, operate on the other testicle in the same 



way, and fill the holes with salty butter and let him go. 



HOW TO SPAY A BITCH. 

 This operation is taking the ovaries away from the bitch, to 

 prevent her from coming in heat and getting with pup. It is best 

 to perform this operation when the bitch is between six and nine 

 <nonths old and before she comes in heat for the first time, but it 

 can be done at any time, and we have even done it when she was 

 with pup, and be all right, but, if it is done when she is with pup 

 she will generally lose her pups. It is best to have the bitch thin 

 in condition, not giving her anything to eat or drink but milk the 

 day before the operation. What is needed for this operation is a 

 sha»-p knife, a sewing needle and string (the same as is used for 

 •sew.-'ng up wounds), and a probe, which can be made out of a 



