Our Common Birds and How to Know Them 



The last two are the only ones of which there are living specimens and it is only con- 

 cerning birds which belong to the last sub-class of all, that is CARINAT/, that we have 

 here to deal. 



Birds of this sub-class are characterized, besides other particulars, by 



The keeled breast-bone, 



A special adaptation to flight, and 



The absence of teeth. 



The sub-class CARINAT.-E is separated into the following Orders : 



1 Pygopodes : Diving Birds. 10 Gallinae : Gallinaceous Birds. 



2 Longipennes : Long-winged Swimmers. 1 1 Columbae : Pigeons. 



5 Tubinares : Tube-nosed Swimmers. 12 Raptores : Birds of Piey. 



4 Steganopodes : Totipalmate Swimmers. 1 3 Psittaci : Parrots, Macaws, Paroquets, etc. 



5 Ansei es : Lamellirostral Swimmers. 14 Coccyges : Cuckoos, etc. 



6 Odontoglossas : Lamellirostral grallatoies. 1 5 Pici : Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc. 



7 Herodiones : Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc. 16 Macrochires : Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc. 



8 Paludicola? : Cranes, Rails, etc. 17 Passeres : Perching Birds 



9 Limicolae : Shore Birds. 



