PREHENSION OF FOOD. 13 



of the ox has, therefore, to perform the office of the horse's 

 upper lip, and is accordingly endowed with great power, pro- 

 truding far out of the mouth, curling over any object the 

 animal may seize, and drawing it into the mouth. It is 

 rough, with conical and sharply-pointed papillae turning 

 backwards, so as effectually to catch and pull grass, or other 

 material the animal may be eating. The cutting of grass is 

 effected by the sharp cutting incisors applied against the 

 elastic pad which occupies the position of upper incisors. 

 This pad, with the peculiar ridges of the hard palate, is 

 represented at Fig. 6. 



Fig. 6 



In the sheep and goat the upper lip approaches the powei 

 and freedom of the prehensile organ of the horse, and aids 

 the incisors and tongue in gathering food. 



The pig, destined by nature to uproot plants, and grope 

 for food amongst the dropped acorns and other fruit of the 

 forest, is provided with a strong and moveable snout, having 

 a bony and cartilaginous basis, and powerful muscles to act 



