TREATMENT. FRACTURES OF THE JAWS 76 



enclosed in solid cavities, surrounded by bony plates or a 

 tough gristly tissue. M. Collignon, veterinary inspector of the 

 slaughter-house of Montmartre, has observed the disease three 

 times in 300 oxen, and those he found affected came from 

 the marshy plains of La Eochelle. In the plains of Ferrara 

 and in the Maremme of Tuscany the disease is very frequent. 

 Low-bred animals are most subject to it, and its origin is 

 usually attributed to a blow. 



Treatment. In the early stage, the small tumour may be 

 blistered, or iodine ointment rubbed over its surface daily 

 for a week. Should this fail to disperse the disease, it pro- 

 gresses in spite of all treatment, and most rapidly if any 

 attempt is made to extirpate the growth. The proper advice 

 in any such case, is to consign the animal as soon as possible 

 to the butcher. As I mention in my work on Dairy 

 Stock, " this malady is incurable, and dairy-keepers should 

 not allow cows to be treated for any length of time, as I have 

 seen them occasionally in Yorkshire." 



Fractures of the Jaws. The upper jaw is not much sub- 

 ject to this kind of injury, but the lower is 

 very liable to be broken. The causes are 

 falls, kicks, and other blows. Partial frac- 

 tures may result from animals biting in- 

 cautiously very hard substances, or from the 

 withdrawal of teeth. 



Sometimes the bone is cracked, but of- 

 tener broken, so that distinct grating may be 

 heard when the lower jawismoved. In young 

 animals the fracture is longitudinal, and 

 separates the two halves of the lower jaw 

 between the incisor teeth. A curious form 

 of oblique fracture is represented at Pig. 39. 



Fig. 33. 



