CHAPTER III 



ORGANS OF RUMINATION. THEIK DISEASES. 



Rumination. Position and capacity of organs in cattle. Rumen. Water 

 pouches in camels. Eeticulum. Manyplies. Rennet. CEsophagean 

 canal. Act of rumination. Changes of food in the rumen. Regurgita- 

 tion of food. Colin's experiments. Paunch of llama. Movements of 

 food in paunch. Second mastication. Aristotle and Brugnone. Quan- 

 tity contained by stomachs of ruminants. Stomach of the horse; of the 

 pig; of carnivora. Crop of birds. Guizzard. Movements of the 

 stomachs. Vomiting Its mechanism. Action of stomach; of oeso- 

 phagus. Horse not susceptible to emetic action. Mechanical impedi- 

 ments. Circumstances under which vomiting may occur in horses. 

 Treatment of vomiting. Pharyngeal polypi. Choking. Causes. Symp- 

 toms. Treatment. Dilatation of gullet. Stricture of oesophagus. 

 Laceration of oesophagus. Tnflfl.Tnma.tinn of gullet. Parasites. Tym- 

 panitis or hove. Chronic hove. Impaction of paunch. Fardel bound 

 or grass staggers. Lead poisoning. Diseases of reticulum. Concre- 

 tions. Fistulae. Stomach staggers in the horse; mad, comatose, and 

 paralytic forms. Diseases with which they may be confounded. Treat- 

 ment. 



THERE is no more interesting physiological act than that, 

 peculiar to a large class of timid herbivora, of leisurely chew- 

 ing a mass of food which has been collected hastily in a ca- 

 pacious paunch. Ruminating animals instinctively rely on 

 quickness of sight, acute hearing, and extraordinary agility 

 in evading their enemies. When wild, they congregate in 

 large masses, and one or more of their number may be ob- 

 served to watch and signal approaching danger. With a 



