142 KUMLNATIOK 



that from the period of feeding to that of rumination, there 

 is a constant deglutition of saliva, which, if stopped, causes the 

 contents of the paunch to become dry, hard, and unfit for 

 regurgitation. Colin adds, that if the secretion of the paro- 

 tids alone is made to flow from the opened ducts, and not 

 allowed into the stomachs, however much water the animals 

 may be allowed, rumination is suspended. 



We have before said, that solid food, when first swallowed, 

 must pass into the rumen and reticulum. The quantity 

 with which these cavities may be charged is enormous. 

 Colin has found 1 00 Ibs. weight even in sick animals that 

 had not fed for some time, and he found 150 Ibs. in the 

 rumen of a bull that had not taken food for twenty-four 

 hours, and 200 Ibs. weight under similar circumstances in a 

 cow. One-fourth of the total weight may be set down as 

 liquid. From 20 to 25 per cent, at the outside, would be 

 the amount of solid material. 



After the food has been masticated a second time, it returns 

 partly in the rumen and honeycomb bag, and a portion 

 passes directly into the manyplies. The same happens with 

 water and other liquids, of which, however, a great propor- 

 tion enters at once into the third stomach. As the softened 

 mass in the anterior part of the first and in the second 

 stomach, rises, from the slight contraction of these organs, it 

 passes over into the manyfolds, whence it enters the rennet. 



In the manyfolds the food is subjected to a certain degree 

 of compression, and Tiedemann and Gmelin believed that an 

 acid secretion from its membrane acted on the food. There 

 is no doubt that the almost constant acid reaction of the 

 contents of the third stomach is due to a reflux of gastric 

 juice from the rennet. It is my impression that the great 

 purpose of the manyplies is to regulate the descent of the food 

 into the true stomach, though absorption may also go on 



