DIAEEHCEA. 299 



There are cases of chronic diarrhoea in horses and cattle 

 that are benefited by mineral astringents, such as acetate of 

 zinc or sulphate of copper. The latter is a very favourite 

 remedy with some practitioners. When the faeces are very 

 fetid, and the prostration very great, the following prepara- 

 tion may be tried: 



Chlorinated lime . . . . 2 dr. 

 . Tincture of arnica . . . 2 dr. 



Nitric ether 1 oz. 



This may be given in cold water twice or thrice daily. 



Alum whey is a very useful preparation, especially for 

 small and weakly animals. It is prepared by boiling together 

 for ten minutes half an ounce of alum and two quarts of 

 milk; when strained a very useful agent is obtained, and 

 may be given twice daily. Starch emulsion forms a very 

 good material for clysters in diarrhoea, and thin wheaten 

 flour gruel may be allowed to horses and cattle to drink 



IMPEEFOEATE ANUS. 



This is a congenital malformation which is occasionally 

 met with in all our domestic animals. I have seen a case in a 

 bitch in which the anus appeared to be well formed, but closed 

 by a continuous skin, and the freces passed through the vagina. 

 There was a congenital recto-vaginal fistula. More fre- 

 quently a veterinary surgeon meets with cases in foals and 

 calves in which symptoms of colic are very severe. On 

 attempting to give injections, it is found that the fluid will 

 not pass up, and at a short distance from the anus the rectum 

 forms a pouch, and is not continuous with the alimentary 

 canal In other instances, the anus is closed, and the colon 

 terminates in a cul-de-sac, there being no rectum at all. All 

 these cases prove incurable, and are speedily fatal 



