DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 311 



PHEENTC AND OMENTAL HEENIA. 



These are lesions due to violent efforts, and occurring 

 during the struggles in attacks of colic, &c. The first con- 

 sists in rupture of the diaphragm, and protrusion of the in- 

 testine into. the thorax, and the other consists in passage of 

 a fold of gut through the foramen of Winslow and the omen- 

 tal sac. They are incurable lesions. I shall hereafter have 

 occasion to notice Ruptures of the Diaphragm. 



DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 



There are many diseases of the liver in the lower animals 

 which are not recognised during life, and some that are symp- 

 tomatic of constitutional disturbance. Thus, we find the livers 

 of cattle slaughtered for human food frequently the seat of 

 organic lesion, never suspected during life, and in other in- 

 stances we have symptoms of general anaemia and dropsy, 

 which, on a post-mortem examination, prove to have been 

 connected with hepatic disease, though no sign during life 

 would have indicated that this organ was more especi- 

 ally implicated. We have here to deal with disorders of the 

 liver as a secreting organ, and at a future time we shall 

 indicate some blood changes dependent on a disturbance in 

 the blood-forming process carried on in the liver. 



JAUNDICE. ICTEEUS. 



It is rare to see attacks of jaundice in animals, except in 

 dangerous fevers, such as distemper in the dog, or contagious 

 typhoid in cattle. There are, it is true, some cases due to 

 hepatic inertia, which may merit the simple name of jaundice, 

 'out commonly this must be regarded as a symptom. 



The immediate cause of jaundice has given rise to .consi- 

 derable discussion. It is declared by some as probable that, 



