400 FOREIGN BODIES INJURING THE HEART. 



are apt to throw about. In Britain these accidents are com- 

 mon; but I think, on the whole, less frequent than in Italy, 

 Switzerland, or France. In the archives of the University of 

 Bologna, many cases are recorded, and which have been com- 

 municated by veterinary surgeons in the neighbourhood.* 



* In 1859 I consulted many authorities with a view to draw up a 

 list of cases for my friend, Mr Jardine Murray. Very many more are 

 to be found scattered in periodicals, but the most important are, per- 

 haps, included in the following notes: 



Frei found a knitting-needle penetrating the pericardium of a cow, 

 to the extent of half-an-inch. CANSTATT'S Jahresbericht uber die Leis- 

 tungen in der Thierheilkunde, 1851, p. 40. 



Fischer found a nail transfixing the reticulum and heart of a cow, 

 which had died after a short illness. Ibid., p. 40. 



A piece of iron wire, two inches long, was found in lymph connecting 

 the reticulum, pericardium, and heart in a cow, which had, for some 

 period, suffered from constant cough, but had eaten heartily till the 

 day before death. Archiv fur Thierheilkunde, von der Gesselschaft 

 Schweixericher Thierarzte. Neue Folge, 8 Band, p. 25. 



A case in which similar appearances were discovered, but in which 

 the foreign body had disappeared, is related by Brennwald. Ibid., 

 1850, p. 62. 



In a like case, Mauer found a piece of wire in the wall of the left 

 ventricle. Ibid., p. 25. 



Von Sindenberg gives the case of a cow in which a plank-nail, four 

 inches long, surrounded by pus, was found to transfix the reticulum, 

 diaphragm, and heart, which were agglutinated by lymph. Magazin 

 fur die gesammte Thierheilkunde. Herausgegeben von Dr E. F. GURLT 

 und Dr C. H. HERTWIG, Berlin, p. 190. 



Von Eckerdorf cites a case in which the reticulum and diaphragm 

 were found transfixed by half a roofing-nail (Schindemagel). Ibid., 

 p. 417. 



Korber found a needle penetrating the adherent pericardium and 

 left side of the heart of a cow. Ibid., 1850, p. 398. 



In the same journal (1847, p. 147), Schole describes three analogous 

 cases. In the first, the reticulum was adherent to the diaphragm, 

 through which there was a small fistulous opening. The foreign body 



