506 AUSCULTATION. 



practical application of the various indicated methods, and 

 the closest attention to the different indications, no excellence 

 in these modes of diagnosis can be attained. Healthy chests 

 should be first examined, and when these have become fami- 

 liar, the various diseased conditions may be introduced to 

 study. In either case, and especially in the latter, the assis- 

 tance of one already well-versed in the science may be said 

 to be indispensable to satisfactory progress. The attention 

 ought not to be directed exclusively to any one method of 

 inquiry, nor should a conclusion be rashly arrived at before 

 having resort to all the different measures applicable to the 

 particular case. Thus the fallacious tendency of certain 

 symptoms will be corrected by others, and it is only when 

 all that can be elicited point in the same direction, that any 

 satisfactory opinion as to the condition of the parts can be 

 arrived at. 



For the application of auscultation to the lower animals, 

 we are indebted to Delafond and Leblanc, who were not slow 

 to introduce Laennec's discovery into veterinary science, and 

 who, by industriously availing themselves of their extensive 

 means of observation, advanced this means of diagnosis to 

 considerable perfection. 



Nasal chambers. In the healthy condition of these parts a 

 soft blowing noise may be heard by approaching the ear to the 

 nostrils. The sounds of the two nostrils should be of equal 

 intensity. After exercise it is considerably exaggerated, and 

 bears some resemblance to the sound emitted by the orifice 

 of a large bellows. Neither the parietes of the nose, nor 

 the sinuses of the head, show any sound when the animal 

 is standing quiet, while, after exercise, a slight snoring 

 may be observed in the former, and a soft murmur in the 

 latter. 



If the pituitary mucous membrane is engorged, or if the 



