538 EPTSTAXIS. 



is more common in the ox than horse. It may be seen 

 in cases of chronic nasal catarrh, in glanders, and blood 

 disorders. It is also the result of local injury, or exu- 

 dation from a soft polypus, and may supervene on active 

 exertion, coughing, sneezing, &c., especially in a plethoric 

 animal. It is favoured by pressure on the jugular veins 

 by a collar. 



The flow of blood occurs from one or both nostrils of a 

 bright scarlet or dark venous hue. In malignant diseases it 

 is of the latter colour, and dark blood clots are seen dis- 

 persed over the lining membrane of the nose. A very con- 

 siderable quantity of blood may thus escape, and the owners 

 of animals become alarmed as to the result. The pulse is 

 found to be frequent and often full, the breathing laboured, 

 and the animal bespattering the blood in various directions 

 in the act of sneezing. 



Schwarz* has seen epistaxis in the ox so severe as to 

 induce him to resort to bleeding, cold applications to the 

 head, and the injection of vinegar and astringents into the 

 nose. We are not often called upon to adopt such active 

 measures. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE NOSTRILS NASAL CATARRH 

 CORYZA. 



Two forms of this disease have been described the simple 

 and malignant. The inflammation is not usually confined 

 to the nasal chamber, as it extends to the maxillary and fron- 

 tal sinuses. The simple coryza either terminates in resolu- 

 tion in six or eight days, or it ends in chronic catarrh. 

 Gangrenous coryza is more frequently observed in cattle than 

 in horses. 



* Edinburgh Veterinary Review, voL i. p. 387. 



