PNEUMONIA. 579 



mities, and the body may be bedewed in patches with perspi- 

 ration. The animal occasionally attempts to cough, and may 

 discharge a little reddish-coloured mucus. 



The consolidation of lung may extend, and this is deter- 

 mined by auscultation and percussion. There are also the 

 visible signs of dyspnoea, which may be very severe, and lead 

 to the horse standing, as before stated, with outstretched 

 limbs, dilated nostrils, and protruding head. 



Pneumonia terminates in resolution, abscess, gangrene, 

 and death. When it terminates in resolution, the animal 

 is usually convalescent during the second week. Death 

 occurs in unfavourable cases about the twelfth or fourteenth 

 day. 



Post-mortem appearances. In animals that have died of 

 pneumonia, the affected lung is consolidated. It is the seat 

 of an extensive interstitial exudation of lymph, which solidi- 

 fies, and, from its dark red or brown colour, gives to the 

 lung a solid appearance of liver; hence the lung, in pneu- 

 monia, is termed hepatized. This hepatization is usually 

 circumscribed, and there is a transition from the harder por- 

 tions to the unaltered tissue. In the ox species, from the 

 abundance of interlobular tissue, the hepatized lung has 

 yellow streaks, which cross each other, and produce a singu- 

 lar mosaic-like appearance. This is sometimes regarded, 

 but wrongly, as a characteristic of the contagious pleuro- 

 pneumonia. Pneumonia sometimes depends, and especially 

 in cattle, on irritant matters passing down the windpipe. 

 If medicine administered contains solid and insoluble matters, 

 these are found adherent to the lining of the bronchial tubes, 

 and there are the lesions of bronchitis, consolidation and 

 abscess in the most dependent parts of the lung. Very 

 active absorption occurs from the respiratory mucous mem- 

 brane, and when saline solutions are passed accidentally into 



