582 PLEURISY. 



short and interrupted; expiration prolonged. The animal 

 stands with sunken and outstretched head. Waldinger has 

 noticed that, if the pleurisy is on one side, the animal extends 

 the fore-limb on that side. On pressing over the intercostal 

 muscles, the animal evinces pain, and grunts; there is a 

 twitching of the muscles, cough, sneezing, and peculiar 

 tucked-up appearance of the flanks. On percussion, the 

 chest sounds clear and resonant, but on applying the ear to 

 the side, a distinct friction sound is heard. When any 

 serum is effused, the friction sound may diminish, and on 

 percussion, dulness is observed at the dependent parts of the 

 chest. The expired air is not so hot as in pneumonia, the 

 visible mucous membranes are not so red, there is less dis- 

 charge from the nose, and often none at all; there is more 

 pain, and often complications in the form of rheumatic fever. 

 The hacking cough contrasts, also, with the rare cough of 

 pneumonia. Pleurisy usually terminates either in effusion 

 or resolution. Suppuration is rarely witnessed in the domes- 

 tic animals. 



Mr John Field, as long back as 1828, very faithfully 

 pourtrayed the symptoms of pleurisy in the second stage, 

 both when effusion and resolution results. He says : 



"The rigid contractions of the abdominal muscles dimmish, the 

 pleuritic grunt is less frequent, the belly drops, a fuller inspiration 

 produces less pain, the convulsive twitchings occasionally recur, the 

 horse assumes a livelier appearance, there is an inclination to take 

 food, the pulse becomes distinct and soft, but remains very fre- 

 quent, sometimes reducing considerably in frequency, and increasing 

 again; and now the respiration is rendered more laborious, percussion 

 gives no sound in the inferior costal regions, the dorsal and upper cos- 

 tal regions having alone the resonance and respiratory murmur : gene- 

 rally at this time, but not invariably, anasarcous swellings affect the 

 legs, and there is cedema beneath the integument of the chest and 

 abdomen; the inspiration is sudden or prolonged, the expriation diffi- 



