THE SHEEP EOT. 637 



any particular season, for quite young and full-grown larvae may be 

 found in the sinuses at the same time. 



" When full-grown, they fall through the nostrils, and change to the 

 pupa state, lying on the earth, or adhering by the side to a blade of 



" The fly bursts the shell of the pupa in about two months, and the 

 veins of the wing." 



PAEASITIC DISEASE OF THE LUNGS IN CALVES AND SHEEP. 



This malady is known by many names, such as bronchitis, 

 hoose, &c. It is very prevalent in some counties of England, 

 usually confined to low and damp lands, and affecting young 

 animals immediately after they begin to eat grass. In Scot- 

 land we have generally seen the disorder in English calves. 

 It prevails extensively over the continent of Europe. The 

 Germans call it lungenwurmseuche and lungenwurmhusten, 

 or in Latin, Phthisis pulmonalis verminalis. 



Symptoms. The early signs are fits of coughing, followed 

 by very manifest dyspnoea, gaping and rubbing the nose and 

 chin on the ground. Tbe animals get weak, often retain 

 their appetite, but are very ancemic, thin, and witb peculiarly 

 blanched mucous membranes. The disease is chronic in its 

 nature, and death is due to exhaustion, and is sometimes 

 preceded by a dropsical state of the body. 



It is rare to see the disease in an old animal, and when- 

 ever such a case occurs, it is in an animal reduced much by 

 previous illness. It has been seen in cows as old as six and 

 ten years. In Jamaica cattle of all ages are affected, and 

 in Switzerland the disease is common in pigs. 



In fowls the malady is known by the name of gapes, and 

 Dr Wiesentkal, Professor of Anatomy at Baltimore, U.S., 

 writing in 1797, says: "There is a disease prevalent among 

 the gallinaceous poultry in this country called the gapes, 



