PINE FAMILY 



Buds. Branch-buds ovate, acute, about one-half 

 an inch long, covered with acute, ovate, brown scales, 

 leaving their thickened base as they fall. 



Leaves, In clusters of two, stout, bright green, 

 one and one-half to three inches long, twisted, soft, 

 fragrant, serrulate, acute with callous points ; fibro- 

 vascular bundles two. 



Flowers. April, May. Staminate flowers in 

 crowded clusters, oblong, one-third of an inch long ; 

 anthers brownish yellow with orbicular denticulate 

 crests ; involucral bracts eight. Pistillate flowers 

 near the middle of the shoot of the year. Sub- 

 globose, scales pale green, ovate with long, slender, 

 reddish tips ; scales orbicular. Peduncles long, 

 covered with brown bracts. 



Cones. Lateral, oblong-conical, more or less 

 Pine curve d> one to three inches long, persistent for three 

 p S jnus viret'n- or ^ our Y ears - Scales nearly flat, thickened at apex, 

 iana. Leaves armed with persistent prickles. Seeds oval, pale 

 \y z ' to 3' brown; wings broadest at middle, dark brown, 

 long. thin, smooth, one-third of an inch long. 



YELLOW PINE. SHORTLEAF PINE. 

 SPRUCE PINE 



Pinus echinhta. 



Usually eighty or one hundred feet high, with a tall 

 tapering stem and a short pyramidal head of slender 

 branches. Trunks injured by fire will often produce 

 shoots which are covered with lanceolate, long- 

 pointed, gray green primary leaves. Ranges in 

 sandy soil from southern New York to Florida and 

 west to Illinois, Kansas and Texas. Often forms 

 pure forests. A valuable timber tree, sometimes 

 worked for turpentine. Fruits when very young. 



Bark. Pale reddish brown, irregularly fissured, 

 covered with small appressed scales. Branchlets 

 stout, pale green or purple, glaucous, later become 

 red brown, finally dark brown. 



Wood. Orange or yellow brown, sapwood nearly 

 white ; varies in quality, the best is heavy, hard, 

 strong, coarse-grained, very resinous. Sp. gr., o. 6104; 

 weight of cu. ft., 38.04 Ibs. 



Leaves. Borne in clusters of two, or of three, 



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