Fruits and Seeds. 193 



there is any wind when it falls, it is, though rather 

 heavy, blown to some distance from the parent tree. 

 Several cases are shown in fig. 75 ; for instance, the 

 Maple (a), Sycamore (b), Hornbeam (d\ Elm (<?), 

 Birch (/), Pine (g), Fir (//), and Ash (z), while in 

 the Lime (c} the whole bunch of fruits drops toge- 

 ther, and the " bract," as it is called, or leaf of the 

 flower-stalk, serves the same purpose. 



In a great many other plants the same result is 

 obtained by flattened and expanded edges. Among 

 our common wild plants we find winged fruits in 

 the Dock (fig. 27) and in the common Parsnip. But 

 though in these cases the object to be obtained 

 namely, the dispersion of the seed is effected in a 

 similar manner, there are differences which might 

 not at first be suspected. Thus in some cases, as, 

 for instance, in the Pine, it is the seed itself which is 

 winged ; in Thlaspi arvense it is the pod ; in one* 

 leguminous plant the pod breaks up into segments, 

 each of which is winged ; in anotherf the extremity 

 of the pod is expanded into a flattened wing ; lastly, 

 in the Lime (fig. 75), as already mentioned, the 

 fruits drop off in a bunch, and the leaf at the base 

 of the common flower-stalk, or "bract," as it is 

 called, forms the wing. 



6. Another mode, which is frequently adopted, is 



the development of long hairs. Sometimes, as in 



Clematis and Anemone, these hairs take the form 



of a long feathery awn. In others the hairs form 



* Entada. t Nissolia. 



