SUNFLOWER FAMILY. Composltae. 



flowers. They are each over an inch and a quarter across, 

 with bright yellow rays and orange centers and are well 

 set off by the rather pale foliage. This grows on hillsides 

 among the rocks and gives a golden hue which may be 

 seen at a distance of seven or eight miles. 



A handsome conspicuous shrub, two 

 California Encelia ' , . , 



Encllia ' ee ^ or more m g n g rav an d downy when 



Calif arnica young but becoming smoother and greener, 



Yellow w ith downy, reddish twigs, dark green 



leaves, and numerous flowers, on long 

 flower-stalks. They are two or three 

 inches across, with three- toothed, bright yellow rays and 

 very dark maroon or brown centers, specked with yellow, 

 and velvety or hairy involucres. This grows on sea-cliffs, 

 where it makes very effective masses of color, in fine 

 contrast to the blue of the sea below and the sky above. 



EncMafruttsccns A rather stra gg lin g shrub > about two 

 Yellow feet high, with whitish, woody stems, 



Spring pale reddish twigs, and bright green leaves,. 



Southwest which are roughened with minute prickles 



on the margins and under sides, but look quite shiny. The 

 flower-heads are over half an inch long, in western Arizona 

 usually without any rays, and are not especially pretty, like 

 a starved Sunflower whose rays have shrivelled away in the 

 dry heat of the desert, but the effect of the foliage, which 

 suggests little apple leaves, is decidedly attractive in the 

 arid sandy places it frequents. 



There are many kinds of Helianthus, natives of the New 

 World. 



A handsome kind, with a rough stem, 

 Common from two to ten feet tall roug^ish leaves, 



Sunflower , ,11,1 



Helianthus more or less toothed, the upper alternate, 



6nnuus the lower opposite, and a flower-head from 



Yellow two to four inches across, with bright 



Summer golden-yellow, toothless rays, a maroon 



West, etc. 



center, and a very dark green involucre, 



with stiff, overlapping bracts. This is larger in cultiva- 

 tion and is a very useful plant, for its flowers yield honey 

 and a yellow dye, its seeds oil and food, the leaves are good 

 for fodder, and the stalks for textile fiber. It is common 

 nearly everywhere along roadsides, as far east as Missouri, 

 and is found as a stray in the East. 



528 



