STRUGGLES OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 



bull's pedigree goes back to Charge's grey bull (872) and Browne's 

 white bull (98). In 1840 the same breeder imported two more bulls, 

 the pedigrees of which are lost both unnamed. 



Re Petrarch : This great bull went back in line of descent to 

 Charge's grey bull and Browne's white bull, both of which bulls laid 

 the foundations of many of the most important tribes of Shorthorns 

 in England. Petrarch became a famous sire in New South Wales 

 under the guidance o-f Mr. William Lee, who is said o Tiave been the 

 best breeder of station Shorthorns of his day in Australia. He was 

 followed by Mr. Thomas Lee, of Woodlands, Bathurst, who became 

 a celebrated breeder in the late fifties and early sixties. 



1837.. Messrs. Hawdon, of Howlong, on the Murray River, drive 

 cattle overland to Melbourne, thus opening up the overland cattle 

 trade. A fortnightly mail is established between Sydney and Mel- 

 bourne, carried by John Bourke, Mr. Hawdon's stockman. Before 

 leaving the colony Governor Sir Richard Bourke sold out his valuable 

 herd of dairy cattle, which he had carefully collected during his stay 

 in the colony. This herd was from stock bred by the Rev. Samuel 

 Marsden Suffolk dun polled and were represented by the auctioneer 

 as excellent milkers. Mr. \Villiam Warren Jenkins commenced cattle 

 raising on an extensive scale on the Berkeley Estate, Illawarra, being 

 materially assisted by his father-in-law, Mr. James Wilshire. in the 

 selection o>f suitable animals for the farm, among which were some 

 valuable dairy cattle. Mr. Armstrong, a veterinary surgeon, who had 

 a horse and cattle bazaar in Sydney, had a large number of both 

 horses and cattle grazing in Illawarra. Some of the horses were very 

 valuable, he having imported them in conjunction with John Berry, of 

 Shoalhaven, in the " Emerald Isle," a ship belonging to the East 

 India Company's service. 



An important sale of high-class cattle took place on the estat'- of 

 Captain Ebor Bunker, Collingwood, Liverpool. Seven hundred head 

 of horned cattle were disposed of in two days. There were several 

 large buyers from Illawarra, among them being Mr. William Wilson, 

 of Fairy Meadow. Mr. T. W. Smart had for sale in Sydney thirty 

 Durham milk cows bred by Mr. Riley on his estate at Jervis Bay. 

 The Toryburn Estate, comprising 4000 acres on Liverpool Plains. 

 Mr. Blaxland was the purchaser, who afterwards sold the stud herd of 

 Durhams (milkers) in the Sydney market. John) Tooth, merchant, 

 Spring-street, Sydney, sold 674 head of cows, heifers, and bulls of the 

 pure Durham breed in one lot ; and 588 head of cows, heifers, and 

 bulls of the pure Durham and Ayrshire breeds in another lot by auc- 

 tion. These cattle were all bred on his estate, Camden. 



The merchants and other business firms in Sydney were doing 

 enormous deals in horned cattle during this period of our history. 

 Richard Jones, merchant, Hunter-street, Sydney, sold 550 head of 

 breeding and milking cows and heifers, also twelve superior purebred 

 Durham bulls, among which was the celebrated imported bull "Roger." 

 A number of the cows were reported to be in calf to Mr. T. Iceley's 

 famous bull " Rodney." This bull was imported by Mr. Iceley from 

 England. 



Applications were made by a large number of squatters in New 

 South Wales for leave to go outside the present boundaries defined 

 by the Government to take up stations. These applications were dated 

 i6th July 1837. About this time Messrs. John Terry Hughes, John 

 Eales, Peter Mclntyre, and George Porter were at law with the Go- 

 vernment over the extension o>i their vast landed estates in the colony. 

 At this time there was 800 acres of land situated in the Kangaroo 

 Ground in the market for sale at 5s., per acre. There was also the 

 announcement of the sale of Mr. John Dickson's celebrated herd of 

 purebred Devon cattle. Mr. Dickson had died and left Alexander 

 Berry, M.C., his sole executor. Dickson owned a flour mill in Sussex- 



39- 



