FIRST CENTURY OF DAIRYING IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 



were plentiful, as also the dun-colored Polled Suffolk. Argyleshire 

 and the Frei-ians had their fanciers then a> no\v. but in those days 

 the types were different : the f>rms and coloring had not become so 

 distinct as no\v, nor did the breeders conform so much to fashion as 

 in latter years. Many of the large cattle owners kept a limited num- 

 ber ,>f their stock pure for stud purposes : the remainder were allowed 

 to commingle pn'mis-uously together, leaving a genial climate and 

 a rich pasture to bestow its blessing as best it could or. the ir\aterial 

 yearly coming into exigence under these ncglecte^ conditions. It 

 would appear, however, that the stock thus exposed to Nature, and 

 tainted, as many of them were, strongly with the Indian buffalo cross, 

 grew up into beautiful animals, which gave much force to' the old 

 theory that " most of the breeding goes in at the mouth." 



In 1840 Mr. Edward Hamilton, of Collaroy, Cassilis, imported a 

 roan bull, unnamed, from which he bred a bull named Xo. 2. This 

 bull was purchased by Mr. Clarke Irving, of Tomki, Richmond River, 

 in 1846, and is said to have largely helped to lay the fottndaiton of 

 the celebrated Tomki Estate Shorthorn herd. 



Owing to the gre<\r numbers of emigrants that were pouring into 

 the colony, capitalists were induced to follow with a view of investing 

 their capital. This inrusii oi British capital, and Governor Gipps' 

 drastic rule, which he had been ordered by the Home Government 

 to enforce during his term of offic in the colony, created a new order 

 of things. The Government wa.-> MI the habit of depositing large 

 amounts, the proceeds of land sales in the different banks then exist 

 ing in the colony at 4 ^er cent inlcicst, but Governor Gipps insisted 

 on having 7 and 7} per cent. Tins he obtained, and in order \to pay 

 this high rate of interest concurrently with transacting their ordinary 

 business and meeting their usual liabilities, the banks had to enlarge 

 their discounts and to take security for their advances, in doing which 

 they crossed the line of safety The rage of speculation soon seized 

 the colony with even greater vehemence than during the sheep and 

 cattle mania of Darling's ti'iie . the most unbounded extravagance of 

 living was indulged in ; nearly everybody bought land and live stock 

 at enormous prices, till at last, the obligations to the banks and loan 

 companies coming due, land and stock, costly equipage, and property 

 of all kinds were forced upon a fallen market, and /the jii^i'tablc 

 crash came a few years later, when the Bank of Australia beciam<* 

 involved in the ruin and fell. 



Another of Sir George Gip.ps' reforms soon -followed, lie issued a 

 proclamation establishing certain regulations, in which squatters were 

 required, over and above their license fee and the a>M'>smeiit on 

 stock, to make certain compulsory periodical purchases of land for 

 tlie privilege oi squatting. A great outcry followed. Meetings were 

 held, inflammatory speeches were delivered, petitions were signed, and 

 for the due protection of the pastoralists the Pastoral Association of 

 New South Wales was formed. 



We give the following specimens of advertising in 1.^40 : 



'l he Australian Auction Company imported the following Muck. 

 which are for >ale at the company's baxaar : One purebred Dur 

 ham cow, calved 1,^5. got by Scription out of Red Daisy 

 Albert. (This was the calf of the o\v mentioned above.) Mary 

 Ann. a purebred Devon cow. with tine bull calf at her side ; also, 

 one -uperior large-framed Devon cow. (Mr. l)nd<b w^t, agent 

 for this company. 



The Australian Auction Company are selling, on behalf of the 

 Segenhoe KMau- (Singh-ton). j" n Sydney. 71 pun-bred Durham 

 COW8J !<> purebred Durham heifers. ^ years old: M purebred 

 Durham bulls. _ years old ; i^ purebred Durham heifers. 2 years 



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