ILLAWARRA IN THE SEVENTIES. 



G wynne, for 50. Defiance's sire, Frank Gwynne, was bred by Mr. 

 Clarke Irving, of Tomki, Richmond River, by Mr. Irving's imported 

 bull Lablache (16, 353, C.H.B.). Duke, bred by Mr. Thomas Lee, 

 Woodlands, Bathurst, by Model Count, dam unknown. Baronet, bred 

 by Mr. Thomas Lee, Woodlands, Bathurst, by Model Count, dam 

 Buttercup, Buttercup by Coronet (14,331), g.d. Lady Emily, by 

 Coronet (14,331), gr.g.d. Daisy, by Grandmaster (14,643) Violet, by 

 Pirate (imp.) Quail, by Petrarch (197, N.S.W. H.B.) Maria, calved 

 on voyage to Australia Lorina (imp.), by Bachelor (1666). Model 

 Count was bred by Mr. Robert McDougall, Glenroy, Victoria, by 

 Count of the Empire (14,933). 



The foundation of Mr. McDougall's herd was laid in the fifties 

 by stock bred by the Circular Head Company, of Tasmania. These 

 two Lee bulls cost Mr. Russell 50 each at Kiss's Bazaar, Sydney. 

 The fourth and worst purchase was Noble Arthur at 56 guineas. 

 Noble Arthur was by Royal Butterfly 6th. The Butterflys were by 

 no means dairymen's cattle, and of the Noble Arthurs much the same 

 thing must be said. Out of these four bulls purchased by Mr. Russell 

 " Baronet" was the only animal worth mentioning. Mr. Russell 

 states that Baronet was the best dairy bull he ever owned. Mr. Henry 

 Fredricks, of Clover Hill, Kiama, rented Baronet from Mr. Russell 

 for two seasons, and bred some excellent stock -from him. The writer 

 does not place much importance on cattle pedigrees when submitted 

 for sale by public auction at horse bazaars ; nevertheless, Mr. John 

 Russell was too level-headed and practical a man to be easily deceived 

 when purchasing stock of the description referred to herein. Baronet 

 was full brother to Royalty. That being so, he was direct in descent 

 on the dam's side from Middleham and Grandmaster, the bulk of 

 whose stock were of noted milking qualities whenever they were 

 mated with dairy cattle. Baronet was a roan mingled with dark hairs,, 

 and had a black muzzle. 



Had all the stockbreeders fallen into line about the beginning of 

 the- fifties, and kept records of their importations of stock, together 

 with their more important stock transactions, there would not now 

 be much difficulty in tracing out the best strains of any breed of 

 cattle used in building up the herds of this country. As it is, there 

 are several important records eitjher entirely lost or missing. 

 Among these are those of Mr. William Lee, Bathurst, established 

 1835 ; the A. A. Company, Port Stephens, established 1830 ; the 

 Two-fold Bay Company, established 1852. There is another matter 

 which is most confusing to any one trying to trace out a certain 

 strain of cattle used by our dairymen namely, the number of bulls 

 bearing the same name without having any material relationship to 

 each other. For instance, take the name " Duke." Mr. Henry os- 

 borne, Illawarra, imported a bull named Duke in 1843 ; Mr. Henry 

 Wren imported a bull named Duke, which he used at Tarragando, 

 Bega, in i8f2 ; Messrs. Pearson Bros., Glenreigh, Clarence River, 

 in 1867 purchased a bull named Duke from Mr. R. McDougall, of 

 Victoria ; Messrs. A. & W. Busby bred a white bull named Duke 

 in 1869 by their imported bull Old Michael ; Mr. W. J. Dangar. of 

 Nectsfielcl, Singleton, bred a red bull named Duke from his bull 

 Grand Duke ; in 1871 Mr. John Russell (Croome, Illawarra), pur- 

 chased a bull named Duke from Mr. Thomas Lee, of Woodlands, 

 Bathurst. Thus we have no less than six bulls bearing the name 

 of Duke, all of which ?re bred on different lines ; yet by tre con- 

 tinual passing of stock from district to district, the result of cattle 

 sales, &c., breeds were constantly mixing and remixing with each 

 other prior to the establishment of any system of records being 

 kept by many of our breeders. 



Records in themselves are only what station managers or dairy- 

 men make them. If a fashionable pedigreed bull is getting calves 



