FIRST CENTURY OF DAIRYING IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 



into hot water, to which is added some skim milk or buttermilk, and 

 others use a little bran cooked in hay tea, made by chopping the hay 

 fine and pouring on boiling water, which is allowed to stand a while on 

 it. Others still at this age take pains to have fresh linseed cake, 

 broken into pieces of the size of a pigeon's egg. putting one of these 

 into the mouth after the meal of milk has been liimhed, and wlun it 

 i* eager to suck at anything in its way. It will very soon icarn to 

 eat Ln.M'ed meal. In this manner the feeding is continued -from the 

 fourth to seventh week, the quantity of solid food being gradually 

 increased. In the sixth and seventh week the mi.k is by degrees 

 withheld, and water or buttermilk used instead ; and soon aftjr this 

 green food may be safely given, increasing it gradua.ly with the hay 

 to the age of ten or twelve weeks, when it will do to put them upon 

 grass alone, ii' the season is favourable to it. 



" Calves should be gradually accustomed to all changes, and even 

 after being turned to pasture they ought to be taken in if the weather 

 is not favourable to their corn-torts." 



Manning says : i. That the Dutch or Holland cattle date further 

 back than that of the Holstein. 2. That the Holstein cattle descended 

 from the Dutch. 3. That the name of Holstein cattle is only a local 

 appellation for a peculiar indigenous breed, constituting only one ot 

 several appertaining to the same group namely, the group of Low- 

 land races, of which the Dutch breed is the fundamental type. Ac- 

 cording to the Allgemeins Dutc.he Real Kncyc.opedia, the original 

 Holstein Schleswyck lies buried in obscurity, and Holstein was pro- 

 bably visited by the Cimbri ; while a century after the Roman Em- 

 peror Tiberius Caesar arrived with his army and fleet before the mouth 

 of the Elbe, without, however, setting loot on the Holstein shore. Ac- 

 cording to Tacitus, it may be stated that the Holstein Baltic coast was 

 inhabited as far as Mecklcnberg and Schleswyck by seven small Ger- 

 man tribes, of whom the Angles and Warnes have preserved their 

 names down to the present time ; while the others have been melted 

 down into that of the Saxons. In the fifth century the Saxofis and 

 Angles united into the Jutes and Friesians, and migrated to England 

 (This is Low's colonisation.) Subsequently the Holstein-Saxons who 

 dwelt to the north of the Elbe were called by the name of Norsmen ; 

 while the name of Holstein is not mentioned in history before 800 

 years after Christ. In 1128-64 the Holstein province Vadgrien wa.^ 

 conquered and converted to Christianity, and partly peopled with 

 strange colonists from Friesland, Holland, and Westphalia." 



From an historical point of view it is not necessary to follow Man 

 ning further in his line of argument ; but he seems to have good argu- 

 ment on his side when he states : " The question is whether it is ten- 

 able to give to one variety of cattle the name of an entire group, and 

 to teckon as appertaining to it ajljt its several varieties or breeds as, 

 for instance, the Dutch, Friesian. Oldenburg, and Holstein ; and would 

 it not he imperative in such a case to give it the purely historical name 

 by which it is generally known ? If it could be desirab e to Rive a 

 general name to the cattle of the just-mentioned 'districts, then that 

 oi Holstein cattle would not be appropriate, and for it should be 

 substituted that ot 1 Friesian cattle, whence all the varieties originated. 

 The chief characteristics of the Friesian breed are its e:nine,u in k 

 giving and fattening qualities. We find in all the just-mentioned dis- 

 tricts, and extending still further southward, these combined ch.ir.i-- 

 teristio. with this difference, however, that wherever the land is more 

 fertile, the climate milder, and the tending, feeding, and breeding of 

 the cattle observed with more care in that measure, and accordin - 

 as these requisites stand to each other in the closest proportion and 

 harmo.iy. they are more developed, attain larger >ize. and are ot a 

 liner texture. It. therefore, the intention be to convey a correct 

 understanding of the true qualities of the several varieties or bree( 

 mentioned in their own dwelling places, it is better that each breed 

 should retain the name by which it is known, and that no collective 

 name, though a historical one. should he given them.'' 



ISO. 



