FIRST CENTURY OF DAIRYING IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 



made, in part, under the foreleg. The reason for these indications 

 is that the large quantity of blood from the digestion and the udder 

 returning to the heart in its circulation, requires ample entrance room. 

 So the holes are increased in size and number, and the extension of 

 the veins before entrance is to give more room for the veins without 

 the abdominal walls, so as to adapt themselves to the various altitudes 

 of the body and be free from the weight of the heavily food-burdened 

 viscera. Fifth, the teats shou d be of good size and well placed. This 

 indicates good, strong, well-developed quartets in the udder. Sixth, 

 the space behind the shoulder-blades on the spine should have a de- 

 cided pitch downward, as. .opposed to its bdng rounded, as in beef 

 cattle, where it is referred to as the '' crops." This may be called 

 the form of poverty of the rib. A.I flesh-formers in quadrupeds are 

 rounded at the point. This space so formed is the best indication 

 that the animal will be a continuous milker unless spoiled by bad 

 handling for it will not rob the udder for flesh or fat forming. 



Incidental i.nHuences. First, the horns should be tine at the base. 

 This is largely owing to the depletion of the fore part of the body by 

 the correspondent development of the hind part of the body. The 

 brisket and neck should be fine, but not too line, broad underneath. 

 Third, the legs and tail should be line, yet strong ; and 

 should be well placed OUTSIDE THE BODY. They are little 

 used by cattle when well fed and cared for in small enclosures. 

 The fineness of the professional man's hand compared to the working 

 man's is a case in point. Fourth, as before stated the hips should 

 be broad and the pelvic arch high. Both of these point to procreative 

 power and udder capacity, together with ample room for the young. 



Most of all the-e various points have been more or less understood 

 as applied to the cow, but the fatal error has been made in not trac- 

 ing the same laws in the conformation of the sire especially in the 

 show ring. 



170. 



