FIRST CENTURY OF DAIRYING IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 



Neck. Medium length, fairly straight on top, fitting nicely on the 

 shoulders, deep and free from loose hanging skin. 



Forequarters. Fine, with plenty o-f lung room on top and between 

 the forelegs to ensure constitution. 



Back. Uniform, level, broad on the loins, pelvic arch well defined. 

 Body. Large and deep behind, underneath, and in front of udder. 

 Flanks. Flat and deep sitting, even on body and thigh. 



Udder. Large, and showing well forward and up towards the vulva. 

 Soft and -free from knots when empty. 



Teats. Of good length and thickness. 

 Milk Veins. Long, thick, and irregular. 

 Escutcheon. Of good quality. 

 Thighs. Long, flat, and deep. 

 Skin. Fairly thick, soft, and pliable. 



Almost the same treatment applies to the young bull as to heifers. 

 When the bull calf is weaned he should be kept by himself quite apart 

 from the females of the herd. Says Warfield : " The first crisis in 

 the young bull's life comes when he is between nine and twelve months 

 old. He is then passing from a calf into a bull, and the change is 

 sure to make him restless and inclined to run about, and if any cows 

 or heifers are pastured near, especially if they are allowed to run 

 out when in heat, the youngster will worry off all his flesh and get 

 himself thoroughly out of condition. During this period the young 

 bull is apt to get uneven and ragged. This is because they are 

 passing -from the round, plump, comparatively formless period of 

 calves, and settling down into a well-fixed character. Not a .few 

 seem to go through what may perhaps be termed a progressive de- 

 velopment. That is, some parts of the body seem to outgrow more 

 than the others. This often makes a bull calf of this age more faulty 

 than at any other time in his life, before or after." 



At this age many of our young bulls have been pampered to such 

 an ex.'tent that they become totally unsuited for the purpose for which 

 they were kept namely, the production of suitable (dairy animals. 

 Young bulls should receive a liberal supply of good food, but on no 

 account should they be overfed. 



200. 



