ON THE INTERMINGLING OF BREEDS, 



LX. The next we will mention is Henry Dsborne cattle, 

 they comprised Shorthorns, Longhorns, Lincoln, and Ayrshires, 

 vvhjch he kept separate, and crossed judiciously for practical and 

 sale purposes; his brand was HO. Mr. John Wylie, who owned 

 Dunlop, roar Dapto, had a herd of imported Ayrshires, together 

 vith <-;ome fine animals he purchased from Mr. William Howe, of 

 iplenlee; his brand was JW. Now it would not be exact to even 

 hint that the Illawarra cattle, like the English racehorse, absorbed 

 in time, all those breeds, for such was not the case, as has been 

 clearly demonstrated. But it would be safe to say that the cattle 

 of ojie .or other of -those breeders took the fancy of those that fol- 

 lowed them, and made up their herds. There-fore, we have Duncan 

 Beatson going in for the Durham blood of the HO, the Longhorned 

 blood of the ITH, and Lincoln blood of the LX brand. There being 

 a great affinity between these breeds in those days, we have it r(- 

 corded as being a most wonderful herd of dairy cattle. Andrew 

 McGill went in for Beatson's cattle, and produced the Scotch Jock 

 strain, which made the AMG brand famous. Evan Evans went in for 

 the Lomax Red Lincoln bulls, and purchased the best cows obtain- 

 able from the smaller dairymen. These animals gave him such 

 good results that he determined on giving up store-keeping, and 

 devoted his attention entirely to dairying and cattle raising pur- 

 suits. He, therefore, established the EE brand many years before 

 he purchased the bull Major as a call in 1862. 



There are three other brands of cattle well established in the 

 early forties, namely, Johnston Brothers, who established the spur 

 brand of Shorthorns. Their Illawarra; estate, known tin those 

 days as Johnston's Meadows. There were also Messrs. Towns and 

 Addison, who occupied a great portion of Mr. D'Arcy Wentworth's 

 Peterborough Estate, Shellharbour. Their brand was TXA, and 

 the majori.y or their cattle carried the DW brand in the earlier 

 stages, owing to Captain Addison being Mr. Wentworth's son-in- 

 law The Longhorned cows were mated with imported Durham 

 bulls, and the progeny were much admired. Probably the oldest- 

 established dairy herd in Illawarra was that of Mrs. Jemima Jen- 

 kins, of Berkley. My informant was Mr. William Davis, of 

 Jamberoo. who arrived at Wollongong with his father at the age 

 of 12 years, in 1822. A native of Sydney, he was very observant, 

 and could describe everything he could see in those days o.f early 

 Vllawarra. "The Jenkins family were," he said, "milking about 

 twenty cows," and most of them had white faces and backs." Mrs. 

 Jenkins's bnand was JSJ. This herd was afterwards much improved 

 by Mr. John Robinson, manager for Mrs. Jenkins. In 1835 the herd 

 was considered second to none in Illawarra. Later on Mr. W. 

 Warren Jenkins commenced building up a herd, his brand being 

 WWJ, and Illawarra dairymen saw no more of the JSJ brand. In 

 1873 this gentleman took up largely the breeding of Shorthorn Dur- 

 ham, and purchased many pedigreed Shorthorns from Messrs. E. 

 K. Cox, Fernhill, Mulgoa, Penrith ; Barnes and Smith, Dyraaba, 

 Richmond River and Mrs. Clark Irvine, Tomki, Richmond River. 

 But his best purchases were Merry Monarch and Gaylad blood. They 

 wer^ nor. however, dairy cattle, nor were they ever intended to be 

 used for dairy purposes. In 1820 Mr. George Tate arrived in Wol- 

 longong, from Mr. Oxley's estate at Camden, and established the 

 T in heart brand of cattle. Mr. Tate bred cattle on his Spring 

 Hill property principally for draught purposes and for beef for 

 the young settlement He sold out to Captain Waldron in 1832, 

 and went to live in Campbelltown, where he apprenticed his sons 

 to trades. At the death o-f th.eir father the Tate brothers returned 

 to Illawarra and commenced dairying in connection with their 



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