THE BATTLE OF THE BREEDS. 



the soil and climate where they made their homes. In these mi- 

 grations, although there may appear to be a constant tendency to 

 variation in animals, thus subject to the control of man and environ- 

 ment, yet there is a Law which expresses itself as firmly as the 

 life it establishes, viz.: "Each after its own kind." The various 

 races of men and animals -furnish us with illustrations. And do 

 not all cross-breeds show by these and other signs exactly in what 

 proportion the blood of each race flows in their veins? Even each 

 sex has its own specialities. The blood itself is sexed; female blood 

 being always contra-distinguishable from male by its containing a 

 greater amount of albumen. A study of the habits of any of the 

 animals of the domestic species will show the correctness of this 

 philosophy of sex. 



Some say sires, other dams, impress offspring the more; but a long 

 and large observation o>f facts bearing directly upon this point proves 

 that while some animals are almost wholly their sires, others are 

 their dams. Yet in the great average they usually resemble each sex 

 about equally. As has been shown, however, elsewhere, males more 

 frequently impart the form, bones, muscles, and strength; whilst 

 the dam influences the nervous temperament and dairy quality, either 

 directly or indirectly. These laws, however, do not work out ac- 

 curately, and in some few cases we see important animals in no way 

 resembling their immediate ancestors; yet whose progeny in turn 

 throw true to type. This was the case with the last bull sired by 

 old Major. Mr. Robert Hindmarsh mated the bull for the last 

 time with a young red heifer, whose sire was Coronet, and sent, her 

 afterwards to his station at Jindin, in the Braidwood district. She 

 in due course calved a patchy or spotted roan bull calf, which 

 she was allowed to suckle. When about twelve months old this 

 calf was struck with lightning, and had one of its sides burnt. He 

 recovered, and was sold to a dairyman at Albion park, who in turn 

 sold him to Captain Thomas Honey, of Kiama. He afterwards be- 

 came the property of Mr. William Winley, LongBrush, Kiama, about 

 the year 1886, and was very much " dollar marked," like his sire. 



We have yet another instance, out of many, to prove the peculiar 

 taint in Major's blood. York Brothers, of Mount Pleasant, Kiama, 

 had a Major bull bred practically on the same lines as Winley's bull, 

 who was, although roan in color, u dollar marked" fr'om neck to 

 rump in a most remarkable manner. He was a very excellent animal, 

 and in appearance resembled the Ayrshire-Durham type, but his 

 progeny in turn resembled the Durham in color and type, which 

 they probably inherited from their grand-dam. We have the same in- 

 dication of a " cry-back" to ancestors to those two celebrated cows 

 Whiteback and Honeycomb, bred and owned by Mr. John Lindsay, 

 of Kembla Park, Unanderra. Both animals were by Earl Beacons- 

 field, a purebred Ayrshire, and out of the ordinary run of Illawarra 

 types. Yet there was every evidence in Whiteback's appearance 

 and quality of the once famous Longhorn. She was tested for the 

 milk-test prize given by the Wollongong A. and H. Society, in 1888, 

 when ?re produced 65flb. of irilk in 24 hcurs. In 1891 she was 

 tested for Kiama A. and H. Society's milk-test prize, producing 7oilb 

 of milk in 24 hours. On the Wollongong showground in 1894 she 

 gave 50:Hb of milk in one milking, which must be considered a great 

 performance. Those of us who saw Whiteback would not marvel 

 over her previous records, but when we are confronted with the fact 

 that a cow possessed an udder that could contain 5oHb of milk, it 

 in itself ought to be sufficient to convince breeders to beware of 

 bulls that produce cows with a fleshy or beefy udder, especially 

 as the amount of milk yielded bv P. cow depends on the activitv of 

 the milk-elands in the udder: and this, in its turn, is influenced by a 

 number of conditions. For one thine, it seems to be dependent 

 on ;the an-otint of milk the udder contains. Thus, so long as the 



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