SCI' LIMNS OF TIIK ATLANTIC COAST. 259 



gorging theinsehes \\itli refuse thrown kick into the sea; they can- little for the presence of man, 

 ami can hanlK lie driven a\\a\, even when roughly punched with a Ixmt-hook. 



In tin- lakes and streams of the Northern States are numerous species of (franidea and allied 

 genera, known in sonic localities liy the English name of " Miller's Thumb," also culled "Bull-heads," 

 "GoMiiis." r,lo!>s," and Muffle-jaws." They are small and of no importance except as the food 

 of larger species. 



ScruTOS OK THE PACIFIC COAST. The Cottidu>, according to Jordan, are represented on 

 i lie I'acilic coast Ity about eighteen separate species, known by such names as "Sculpin," "Drum- 

 mer." Salpa," "Johnny," " Biggy-head," and "Cabezon." Only one of these species, Scorpa-n- 

 ii'lithijx nmrmoratu*, has any sort of economic importance; the others maybe considered collect- 

 ively. The names applied to them may be briefly considered. The name Sculpin, of course, is 

 derived from that in use for the Atlantic species of Cottus. " Drummer" comes from the quivering 

 noise made by many species when taken alive out of the water. "Salpa" is a Spanish word for 

 toad, and applied also to species of Batrachidie. "Johnny" is applied only to very little Sculpins 

 along the shore, notably Oligocottwi maculomut. The same name is given in the Ohio Valley to 

 fishes of precisely similar habits, the Ethewtomatina: "Biggy-head" and its Spanish cognate 

 "Cabezou" are used by the Italians and Spanish about Monterey, Santa Barbara, and elsewhere, 

 for different Cottidse. 



Most of the Cottidie feed upon small fishes, and especially Crustacea; one species, Enophryx 

 liixon, being a vegetable feeder. All take the hook readily. The flesh is poor, tough, and dry, aud 

 the waste by the removal of the head, viscera, and skin is so great that even the poorest people 

 do not use them as food. Various sorts (notably Leptocottim armatus) are dried by the Chinese, 

 who consider them the poorest of all dried fishes. 



The specio arc: I'xychrolutes paradoxus Gthr., found from the Straits of Fuca northward; 

 Affclii-htlti/x rluxloriiH Jor. and <; ilk. also chiefly northward; Cottu* polyacanthocephalu* Pallas, one 

 of the largest species, from Cape Flattery northward; Artediu* luteralis Grd., found among the 

 rocks from Montcrc\ northward; Artedius notoxpilottm Grd., in the kelp, etc., from Santa Barbara 

 to San Francisco: Artcdiiix /> next rails Jor. aud Gilb., about Vancouver's Inland; Artediwt quadri- 

 xa-liiiux Lockington and Artetllua megacephalus Lockingtou, taken in deep water oft' San Francisco; 

 Artediux /KII/I ttmxix Steind., in deep water from Puget Sound northward; Hemilepidotux npinonun 

 A vies, found chiefly about San Francisco and Monterey, and the large Hemilepidotus trachuruit 

 (Tilesius), ranging from San Francisco to Alaska ; Enophrys bi#on Grd., a large species, the sole 

 member of the group feeding exclusively on plants, ranging from San Francisco to Alaska, and 

 exceedingly abundant in Puget Sound; Scorpmrichthys marmoratus Grd., noticed below; Leptocottun 

 rmutiiii Grd., the commonest of all the species, abundant iu every bay; Liocottus hirundo Grd., and 

 Oligocottux tinalix Grtl., two species ranging chiefly southward ; Oligocottus globicep^, Grd., and Oligo- 

 rtittux Hini-itloxiix (Inl.. small and active inhabitants of the rock pools northward; and, finally, the 

 curious i;ici>xi(ix eirrhoxux (Pallas) Gthr., yuntivhthyn ocvlofaseiatwi Grd., and Khti mphocottus Rich- 

 <inlxoni Gthr., Alaskan fishes straggling southward to San Francisco. In the fresh waters ami 

 often running into the sea are I'ntnidea aspera (Rich.) J. and G., aud Uranidia guloaa (Grd.) J. and 

 <!.. found in all the streams north of the San Joaquin. Only one of this numerous series merits 

 especial consideration, namely the "Cabezon." Xmrpa nii-hthyx marmoratun (Ayrew) Grd. The name- 

 "Cabe/on," "Sculpin," "Scori>ion," "Salpa,'' and "Biggy-head" arc applied to this species. The 

 latter is heard chiefly among the Italians, who have about Monterey and elsewhere adopted the 

 Spanish Cabezon," which appears to be the most distinctive term. The names "Sculpin," "Scor- 

 pion," aud "Salpa" are applied to various other species, and are rather collective than specific names. 



