J01MIAN ON Till: Dol. I. Y VARDKN. 505 



ocean. In the lakes ii averages smaller, ami in the mountain .streams it breeds at a length of nix 

 or eight inches. In all tlicsc peculiarities it agrees with its n.-;ir iclatix e. the common Hrook 

 Trout of tlic Atlantic coast. It ranges from the upper waters of the Sacramento to Katntcliatka 

 on the west side of the Kocky Mountain chain, and for the most part in and west of the Cascade 

 ran^c. From IV.gct Sound northward it is generally abundant. It feeds voraciously in the salt 

 \\atei on Miielt of various sorts, young Trout, sand lances, shrimps, anchovies, herrings, and even 

 sticklebacks. In fresh waters it probably eats whatever living thing it can get. Nothing is cer- 

 tainly known of their breeding habits. They probably spawn late in the fall in the rivers, and 

 therefore those which are in the sea must be to some extent migratory. They are taken in Froze- 

 I.'ixer at the time of the eulachon nin, but they probably then ascend the river to feed upon the 

 enlachon, and not for spawning purposes. As a food-fish this beautiful species ranks high. 1 



167. THE GRAYLING THYMALLUS TRICOLOR. 



The following essay upon the Grayling is quoted, in a modified form, from Ooode's Game 

 I-'i.shes of the I'nited States. 



Disc oVF.KY. The discovery of Grayling in Michigan and Montana was a snrpiise to Amer- 

 ican naturalists, though the areas to which this distribution is restricted are so small that one. 

 can hardly wonder at the delay in finding them out. The credit of discovering them is di- 

 vided between Surgeon .1. F. Head, United States Army, who found in 18M, in the head- 

 waters of the Missouri, specimens of the form described by Milner in 1874, under the name 

 Tlii/niiilluK monlitnitfi, and Prof. Manly Miles, of Lansing, Michigan, whose specimens from the 

 Michigan Peninsula were sent, in 18C4, to Professor Cope, and described by him as Thymallug 

 tricolor. A third species occurs in Alaska, and in the rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean. This 

 \\as tirst found by Capt. John Franklin's expedition toward the North Pole, in 1810, and called 

 Tlii/iiHilhix signifer, by Sir John Richardson, who thus describes its discovery: "This very beaut iful 

 fish abounds in the rocky streams that flow through the primitive country lying north of the sixty- 

 second parallel of latitude between Mackenzie's River and the Welcome. Its highly appropriate 

 Ksi|iiimaux name ('Hewlook-Powak,') denoting 'wing-like,' alludes to its magnificent dorsal, and 

 it was in reference to the same feature that I bestowed njMm it the specific appellation of Niynifer, 

 or the 'standard-bearer,' intending also to advert to the tank of my companion, Captain Hack, 

 then a midshipman, who took the first specimen that we saw with the artificial fly. It is found 

 only in clear waters, and seems to delight in the most rapid parts of the mountain streams." As is 

 .mplied in these remarks, this species is remarkable for its immense dorsal fin, which is nearly 

 twice as high as the body of the fish. 



It is, however, the Michigan Grayling which is at present most interesting to the angler, 

 the others being so remote as to be thoroughly inaccessible. Piofessor Cope's description was 

 printed in isti.1. but being expressed in technical terms, and published in the proceedings of a 

 scientific society not generally read by sportsmen, it attracted little attention. Popular interest 

 was first ex'-ited in 1873, by the discussions in "Forest and Stream." and by a letter from Professor 

 Agassiz, published extensively in the daily papers, acknowledging the leeeipt of two specimens 

 sent to him from New York through the agency of Mr Halloek, who had received them from 

 Michigan. The subject was then taken up by the uewspaj>ers, and the Grayling was soon well 

 known. A name closely associated with the study of the Grayling is the honored one of the late 

 .lames W. Milner. In 1871, Mr. Milner, in company with Mr. 1). H. Fitzhugh. of Hay C,ty. Michigan, 

 visited the Jordan River for the purpose of procuring specimens of this fish: but. although many 



'For PulLn'i account, Sv-u Giluthe vi. 144. 



