(570 NATURAL HISTOKY OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 



Hexanchus corinus 3. & G. Monterey northward. 



Heterodontutt Francisci (Grd.) Dum. Leopard Shark. Point Conception southward. 



Scylliorhinus ventriosm Garinan. Ground Shark. From Monterey southward. 



Alopias vulpes (Gmel.) Bonap. Thrasher. Monterey Bay. 



Isurus sp. Ban Pedro. 



Lamna cornubica (L.). Monterey Bay. 



Carcharodon carcharias (L.) J. & G. Man-eater Shark. Monterey Bay and southward. 



Oetorhinus maximus (L.) Blainv. Ground Shark. Monterey Bay northward. 



Sphyrna zygcsna (L.) Eaf. Hammer-head Shark. San Pedro. 



Carcharias glaucus (L.) J. & G. Blue Shark. San Francisco and northward. 



Carcluirias lamella J. & G. Bay Shark. San Diego. 



Galeocerdo tigrinus Miiller & Henle. San Diego. 



Galeorhinu* zygopterus J. & G. Oil Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Triads semifasdatus Grd. Cat Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Triads Henlei (Gill.) Putn. Monterey and northward. 



Mmtelus californicus Gill. Dog Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Squalm acanthias L. Dog-fish ; Spinarola. Santa Barbara to Alaska. 



Somniomis microcephalus (Bloch) Gill. Puget Sound northward. 



SHOVEL-NOSED SHARK HEPTRANCHIAS MACULATUS. 



This species is usually known as the "Shovel-nosed Shark." It reaches a length of three to 

 five feet. It ranges from Monterey Bay northward, being most abundant in Northern California. 

 About Eureka, on Humboldt Bay, it is pursued for its oil, which has some value. For a discus 

 sion of this, see the account of Humboldt County, California. 



OIL SHARK GALEORHINUS ZYOPTERUS. 



This species, which is closely allied to the common Tope of Europe, is known in California as 

 the "Oil Shark" or "White Shark." It reaches a length of five to six feet and a weight of thirty 

 to forty pounds, the average being about twenty. It ranges from Tomales to San Diego, being 

 especially abundant in spring about Monterey and Los Angeles, especially at Soquel, Monterey, 

 Westminster, and Newport. It feeds on other fishes, herring being the best bait. It brings forth 

 its young alive from April to August, entering small bays and lagoons for this purpose. At these 

 times it is chiefly taken. It is valued for the oil in its liver and for its fins. A liver makes from 

 one-half to one gallon of oil. The fins are sold to the Chinese, who dry them, and removing the 

 skin and flesh extract from the rays a fine, clear- white gelatine, which is highly valued by them for 

 making soups. This is the only American species the fins of which they consider valuable. 



DOGFISH SQUALUS ACANTHIAS. 



This species is everywhere called the "Dogfish." The Italian fishermen also call it " Spina- 

 rola." It reaches a length of about three feet. It ranges from Alaska southward as far as Santa 

 Barbara, but its abundance is from Puget Sound northward among the islands. It lives 

 especially in deep or quiet bays and channels, coming into shallower waters in pursuit of schools 

 of herring, smelt, or salmon. It feeds on anything, even its own young, but the herring make the 

 chief part of its diet. The young are brought forth in June in Puget Sound. It is valued for its 

 liver, from which dogfish oil is extracted. 



