820 NATURAL HISTORY OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 



tail deeper in color than the rest of the body. The spermaries are purplish -red, the outer 

 membrane golden, ovaries blue, eggs ultramarine blue." Females carrying eggs were taken in 

 August and September, 1877 and 1878, in and off Massachusetts Bay and off Cape Ann. The 

 localities where this species has been found are as follows : Massachusetts Bay, off Salem, 

 forty-five to fifty fathoms, mud, very abundant; Gulf of Maine, forty to one hundred and sixty 

 fathoms, muddy bottoms, very abundant in some places. In the Gulf of Maine, it was found 

 to be especially common in a region about fourteen miles southeast from Cape Ann, in fifty 

 to about one hundred fathoms. It was also encountered twenty to thirty miles off Cape Sable, 

 Nova Scotia, in depths of fifty-nine to eighty-eight fathoms, and thirty miles off Halifax in 

 eighty-five to one hundred and ten fathoms. Beyond our seas it has been recorded from 

 Greenland, Norway, and Bering Sea. 



Pandalus Montagui and leptoceros differ from P. borealis in coloration, "in having the red 

 more intense and arranged in clearly defined markings, of which those upon the carapax and 

 abdomen are arranged in conspicuous obliquely transverse lines or bars, while the color upon 

 the rest of the body and upon the appendages is collected in distinct specks, blotches, or 

 annulations." The largest specimens which have been examined were from depths of ninety 

 fathoms, off Cape Ann, and measured four and one half inches in length. Specimens over four 

 inches long have been obtained from several localities. Only a few individuals have so far 

 been seen carrying spawn. They were taken in different places during the months of August, 

 September, and October. These species range all the way from off the mouth of Chesapeake 

 Bay to Greenland, and P. Montagui also occurs on the European coast as far south as the 

 British Islands. They are more abundant than P. borealis, though of smaller size, and are 

 common in much shallower water, as well as in the same deeper places resorted to by P. borealis. 



In Massachusetts Bay, they inhabit depths of twenty-two to forty-eight fathoms, where the 

 bottom is gravelly, sandy, and muddy, and have also been found on Stellwagen Bank. In the 

 Gulf of Maine they are widespread and exceedingly abundant in many localities, being often 

 associateil with P. borealiit on muddy bottoms. They live on all kinds of bottom, in depths of 

 ten fathoms downward. They have been found east of George's Bank in a depth of four hundred 

 and thirty fathoms ; in the Bay of Fundy, ten to seventy-seven fathoms ; off Nova Scotia, sixteen 

 to seventy-five fathoms ; in Bedford Basin, Halifax, twenty -six to forty-one fathoms; Gulf of Saint 

 Lawrence, Labrador, etc. South of Cape Cod they range down to depths of two and three hundred 

 fathoms. 



Pandalus propinquus, which has been recognized only since this report was first written, 

 occurs associated with the two last species south of Cape Cod. 



The United States Fish Commission, in its explorations with the dredge and trawl along the 

 New England coast during the past ten years, has constantly come upon immense schools of these 

 deep-water Prawns, sometimes two or more of the species being associated together, at others 

 occurring separately. It has been no uncommon occurrence for a peck or more to come up in a single 

 cast of the beam trawl, and several such hauls have sometimes been made in a single day. These 

 Prawns apparently move in schools, and it is often impossible to secure more than a single catch 

 in any spot at ono time. This fact may result from their moving in a regular body from place to 

 place, and thus coming by chance in the course of the trawl at times, or, if naturally disposed to 

 remain long in a single place, the appearance of the trawl must have the effect of frightening 

 them away. They are active in their movements, and are thus seldom taken in the dredge. It 

 has been the cnstom on the United States Fish Commission steamer, when a large haul of Pandali 

 .has been made, after having selected the specimens required for scientific purposes, to turn the 



