202 HISTOEY AND METHODS OF THE FISHERIES. 



and as far south as Puget Sound, extending westward along the Aleutian chain as far as Atka, 

 and not common on the western shore of the Territory much above Bristol Bay, though they have 

 been observed as far north as Saint Lawrence Island. They are said to penetrate only a short 

 distance into Cook's Inlet. We caught several large ones as far up the inlet as Chugachik Bay, 

 but they were not healthy fish. In Port Chatham, which is near the entrance to the inlet, we 

 found them common and good. Mr. Cohen told me that cod are present all the year near Fort 

 Alexander. 



In Eefuge Cove, a small arm of Port Chatham, we took many young cod in brackish water. 

 At Chernoffsky, also, on the island of Unalashka, we again found them abundant in brackish 

 water, associated with young Oncorhynchus, Salvelinus malma, Ammodytes pcrsonatus, Lumpenus 

 anguillaris, and a species of Cottus. Several small streams flow into Chernoffsky Bay at this 

 point. 



The young cod were taken in water varying from 3 feet to 1 fathom in depth, close to the 

 shore. Fish of considerable size, weighing several pounds, were taken from the wharves at Iliu- 

 liuk during our stay. Cod are quite abundant close to the shores of the Kodiak group of islands, 

 the Shumagins, and Unalashka Island. I have seen them taken in about 9 feet of water at Iliu- 

 liuk, and at a depth of at least 50 fathoms off Cape Cheerful. Mr. Devine, of Pirate Cove, says 

 they are caught as far as 30 miles off Seminoffsky Island, at a maximum depth of 45 fathoms, and 

 that on the middle ridge, in 60 to 70 fathoms, the best fish are taken with hand-lines. 



Capt. H. R. Bowen states that cod are sometimes caught in 3 feet of water at the village of 

 Saint Paul; but these are always sick fish. Wherever there are soundings, good fish may be 

 caught. The cod of the Shumagins are generally taken at such short distances from the shores 

 as may be readily reached with dories. The fishermen go out in dories from their vessels, or from 

 the fishing station, in the morning, and return in time to dress the fish aboard or on shore in the 

 evening. 



COMMON NAMES. J. G. Swan writes that the cod is called "kadatl" by the Makah Indians. 

 The Sitkas call it "sacht." A Kodiak Eskimo, to whom I showed one of the fresh fish, told me 

 that they knew it as " ah-mo-doc." The Russian name for the species is " treska," a name pretty 

 widely known in the Territory. It is worthy of remark here that natives generally distinguish 

 closely the " wachna" from the " treska." To the fishermen generally the fish is known as the cod. 

 Men who have come to the Alaskan grounds from New England have brought with them the 

 terms "rock-cod" and "kelp-bangers" for certain individual varieties. "Rock-cod" are the 

 variously colored algae fish, exactly similar to those known by the same name at Gloucester. 

 "Kelp-bangers" are shore fish that frequent the kelp, as their name suggests. "Wachna" is a 

 term applied to a species resembling the torn-cod, but very different structurally from this. 



SIZE. From all reports, none but small cod occur in Puget Sound and Hood's Canal. I 

 measured several fresh ones at Sitka which were bought from Indians. One taken May 30 was 

 662 millimeters long; two others, secured June 12, were 435 and 542 millimeters, respectively. 

 Capt. J. Haley informed me that the average weight, when dried, of 10,000 cod purchased by him 

 on the Hoocheuoo Bank was 3 pounds, which is quite as much as the average weight of the Shu- 

 magin fish. The largest one he saw weighed 30 pounds. He saw a few young fish. 



A cod caught by us in the harbor of Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, June 24, measured 870 

 millimeters. It was stout and heavy, but sick. In Port Chatham, Cook's Inlet, two healthy fish, 

 among a lot taken July 5, measured 772 millimeters and 750 millimeters. One of these was a spent 

 female. Off Marmot Island (Portlock Bank) on the 8th of July we caught with hand-lines, in a 



