236 HISTORY AND METHODS OF THE FISHERIES. 



pens resembling those in tlie after hold of a halibut schooner. In these pens ico is carried when 

 the vessel is making long trips. When large fares are obtained, part of the fish are stowed in the. 

 bait room, which, on the larger vessels, is so arranged that pens can be bnilt in it by sliding boards 

 into grooves. The haddock schooners carry a larger amount of ballast than those of auy other 

 class; a vessel of 50 tons requiring 30 or 35 tons of ballast. 



4. APPARATUS AND METHODS OF TDE FISHERY. 



DOETES. The larger haddock catchers carry six dories, the smaller four or five.* Most of the 

 dories used in this fishery are deeper and wider than those in any other fishery, and are' built spe- 

 cially for the purpose. The ordinary bank dory is also frequently in use. The so called "haddock 

 dories" are 14 feet in length on their bottoms. When on deck they are nested in the ordinary 

 manner, two or three on a side, and arc stowed nearly amidships on each side of the booby hatch, 

 not nested close to the rail, as is the practice upon other vessels carrying dories. A haddock dory 

 ready to leave the vessel in order to set its trawl is provided with the following articles in addition 

 to the trawl-lines : Trawl-roller, two pairs woolen nippers, dory-knife, gob-stick, gaff, bailing-scoop, 

 thole pins, two pairs of 9-foot ash oars, buoys, buoy-lines, anchors, and black balls. 



TRAWLS. The haddock trawls have the ground-line of tarred cotton, of 14 to 18 pounds 

 weight to the dozen lines of 25 fathoms each in length. Hemp is occasionally used, especially by 

 the Maine vessels and by some of the Irish vessels from Boston. The gangings are of white or 

 tarred cotton, in weight about 4 to 6 pounds to the 300 fathoms of line. They are about 2 feet in 

 length, and are fastened to the ground line at intervals of 3 feet. The manner of fastening the 

 gaugiugs to the ground-line is different from that upon the halibut trawls.t The hooks are 

 numbers 15 or 1C, center draught, and eyed.f The hooks are fastened to the gangings in the same 

 manner as on the cod trawls. The haddock trawls are coiled in tubs, similar to those employed 

 in the George's fishery. A flour barrel, sawed off above the lower quarter hoops, is used for a 

 tub. Each tub of haddock trawl contains 500 hooks, or about 292 fathoms of ground line. Each 

 dory is provided with six or eight tubs of trawl, and two to eight of these tubs of line are set 

 at once, as the case may require. Sometimes only two or three tubs are set at a time, and several 

 sets are frequently made in a day, when the weather is suitable. 



One of the anchors is similar to those used upon the cod trawls, while the second anchor is 

 often of the killick pattern. The buoy -line is the same as in the cod or halibut trawl, and its length 

 is 15 to 30 fathoms more than the depth of water in which it is used. The buoys are similar to 

 those used in cod-trawling. Each buoy at the end of the trawl has a black ball upon it, and a 

 middle buoy, without a staffer blackball, is also used when the whole length of the trawl is set.|| 

 Instead of the regulation keg buoy, a "kit" is sometimes used by the haddock trawlers. 



BAIT. When it can be obtained, the principal bait used by the haddock catchers is salted men- 

 haden slivers. This is considered the best bait, and it is said that haddock will often bite at this 

 when nothing else will tempt them. The trawl-hooks, when this bait is used, may be baited days 

 or even weeks in advance, while the vessel is waiting for a chance to set. When fresh bait is used 

 the trawls can be baited only a short time before, indeed, only a few hours before they are to be set. 



The haddock-catchers of Ma'ne and some of tlie ports in Massachusetts, fishing with "single clones," carry one 

 for each man besides the skipper* and cook. These boats are 13 feet long, and managed by a single fisherman. 



tThey are fastened either by tucking and hitching or by a simple hitch around the ground-line. 



JThe Irish fishermen of Boston sometimes use a galvanized hook of the same size without an eye. 



$ This is to aid the fishermen in recovering their trawls in case they are parted at either end. 



B When the trawls are set in shallow water where there is a rocky bottom three or four middle buoys arc some- 

 times used. 



