THE V MENHADEN PISHEEY- 359 



October and November, putting the average quantity offish to the gallon at one-third of a barrel 

 on Gardiner's Bay, one-half at Barren Island, and 85 gallons to a ton of scrap on Gardiner's Bay, 

 57 at the island. 



At Atlantic City, N. J., according to Mr. A. G. Wolf, the average yield is 4 gallons to the 

 thousand, the greatest in November, 11 ; a ton of scrap corresponding to 40 gallons of oil. 



On Great Egg Harbor, states Mr. Morris, July fish yield 1 quart of oil to the barrel ; those of 

 October and November yielding 4 gallons. A gallon of oil is the average to each barrel of fish, 

 and 45 gallons to a ton of scrap. 



The yield to each barrel of fish was thus estimated by Khode Island manufacturers in 1877 : 

 Joseph Church & Co. and W. H. H. Howlaud, 1 gallon ; Charles Cook, Job T. Wilson, Isaac G. 

 White, and James Manchester, 1^ gallons; Isaac Brown & Co., IgV; and William J. Brightman, 1J. 



Connecticut manufacturers estimated as follows: The George W. Miles Company,' 2 gal- 

 lons to the thousand; Leander Wilcox & Co., 3 gallons; G. S. Allyn & Co., 3 gallons; Waley & 

 Co. and Luce Brothers, 3 gallons; the Quinnipiac Fertilizer Company, 3 gallons; J. H. Bishop, 

 3J gallons ; and Fowler & Colbnrn, 3f gallons. 



New York manufacturers estimated the yield in 1877 as follows: The Barren Island Manufac- 

 turing Company, G. H. Clark, W. Y. Fithian & Co., 2J gallons to the thousand; Smith & Yaring- 

 ton, 2J gallons; S. Jones & Co., 4J gallons; eleven factories in Gardiner's Bay, 3 gallons. 



New Jersey manufacturers estimated as follows : Morris & Fifield, 2 gallons to the thousand ; 

 James E. Otis, Grifl'en & Vail, Cyrus H. Smith, 2J gallons. 



Maine manufacturers in 1877 were reported as follows : Albert Gray & Co., 1 gallons to the 

 barrel; Gallup, Morgan & Co., 2-^ gallons; Fowler, Foot & Co., 2^ gallons; Suffolk Oil Company, 

 2J gallons; E. A. Friend, 2 gallons; Gallup & Holmes, 2 gallons; Loud's Island Company, 2 

 gallons. 



Mr. Maddocks declares that on the coast of Maine " 195 pounds of fish make a barrel. One 

 barrel yields about two and a half gallons of oil, or eighteen and three-quarter pounds. One barrel 

 yields about eighty pounds of chum or scrap." 



OIL YIELD OF SOUTHERN PISH PEIOE TO 1879. Mr. Kenniston makes the following state- 

 ment : " Corresponding with the successive appearance of the menhaden from South to North there 

 is a progressive improvement in size and fatness. When they arrive in Chesapeake Bay, in the 

 spring, they are thin and lean, and appear to be sluggish and stupid, so that they are easily caught 

 can almost be taken out by the hand along the shore, which many of them follow closely. Between 

 Virginia and Maine the increase in weight is thought to be one-third. In the fall the increase still 

 continues, but the order of it is reversed, the fish appearing to grow larger the farther South they 

 go, and on reaching Virginia again are twice as heavy as in the spring, and have so gained in 

 strength, swiftness, and wariness that they are very hard to catch."* 



Mr. Dudley says that from his experience of two years he knows that the first runs of fish 

 in the Chesapeake are fat. This is in March and April. 



Mr. A. C. Davis states that the June fish at Beaufort yield from to 1 gallon, those in October 

 and November 4 to 5 gallons. 



Mr. W. F. Hatsel, of Body's Island, states that the average yield is 1 gallons to the barrel, 

 75 gallons to the ton of scrap. 



COMPARISON OF YIELD IN DIFFERENT LOCALITIES. These statements indicate in a general 

 way that the yield of Northern is greater than that of Southern fish, though the disparity is not so 

 great in the latter part of the season. Mr. Davis's estimate for Beaufort is, however, not much 



'Boardmau and Atkins, op. (At., p. 6. 



