2 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



having precisely the same scope. Professor Owen * in 1858, proposed the term 

 Lyopomata (;,,-a. and ™,:a), essentially the Greek equivalent of Inarticulata, 

 and of BaoNN'st Ecardines. The last named author also suggested the term 

 Plecropygia, derived from the lateral position of the intestinal perforation ; 

 while King's term, Tretenterata,^ indicates that the existence of an anus is 

 to !)(' regarded as the essential character. 



The use of Family designations in this group Avould be attended by embar- 

 rassments so serious, that it has seemed preferable to avoid them altogether. 

 The present state of our knowledge fully justifies this position. 



Genus L I N G U L A, Bruguiere. 1789. 



PLATE I, FIGS. 1-31; AND I'LATE IV K, FIGS. 5-13. 



1789. Lingula.§ BudguiIsbi!. Hisl. Natur. des Vf^rs Testaces. 

 1798. Pharetra, Boltkn. Mus. Boll. 

 1806. Lingularius, Dum^ril. Zoologie Analytique. 

 Lhiffula, of authors generally. 



{ Oloss'iva, Phillips, 1848. Mem. fii'ol. Sui-v. Great, Britain, vol. ii, pfc. 2, p. 370. 

 -j Cflottidia, D.vll, 1870. Amerii'an Journal of Conchology, vol. vi, p. 157. 

 |_ Z>i(/«<wfti'a, II.\LL. 1871. Imjicrfec'tly known Forms .among the Brachiopoda. 



18H9. Linc/ula, Coxhad. Second Ann. Rept. PahTont. Dept. N. Y. State Geol. Surv. 



1842. Linyuhi, Va.niixbm. Geology N. Y., Rept. Third Di.sti-ii'.t. 



1842. Lingula, Em.mons. Geology N. Y., Rejit. Second District. 



1842. Lingula, Co.nhad. .loui'. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 



1843. Lingula, Hall. Geology N. Y., Rept. Fourth District. 



1844. Lingula, Owk.v. Geol. Rept. Iowa, Wi.scxm.sin, and Illinois. 

 1847. Lingula, Hall. P.alfeontology N. Y.., vol. i. 



1847. Lingula, Dana. American Journal of Science. 



1851. Lingula, Hall. Foster .and Whitney's Rejit. Geol. Lake Superior. 



1852. Lingula, Hall. Palaeontology N. Y., vol. ii. 



1852. Lingula, Owu.s. Geol. Rept. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Mirmesota. 

 1852. Lingtda. F. Rosmkr. Kreidehildung von Texas. 



* Enciyclopredia Brilannica, Sth Ed., vol. xv, p. 301. 



t Die Chissen and Ordnungcn des Thierreichs, p. 301. 18tJ2. 



J Annals and Magazine of Natui'al Histoi'y, vol. xii, p. 15. 1873. 



§ The synonymic li.sts accompanying these discussions are intended to give, first, the more important 

 names under which the genera have been mentioned Uy Euiopean and American writers, followed by a 

 table of references to notices in American literature of the gener.a or their species. Under the lesser groups, 

 the list.s are not thus divided, but will be found to contain all the imporlaut references necessary for the use 

 of the student. 



