CALTHA. 1. RANUNCULACE^E. 143 



peduncles. The lobes of the root leaves are also rounded rather than acute at 

 apex. May, Jn. 



10. R. FASCICULARIS. Muhl. Early Crowfoot. 



St. erect, branched ; Ivs. pubescent, ternate, the middle segments deeply 3- 

 cleft, lateral ones remotely 3-lobed; col. villous, spreading, shorter than the 

 petals. Rocky woods and hills, Penn. to Wiscon. N. to Can. Root a fascicle 

 of fleshy fibres. Radical leaves on petioles 3 8' long, so divided as to appear 

 almost pinnate ; upper leaves 3-parted, nearly sessile. Flowers large. Petals 

 yellow, cuneate-obovate, with a scale at base as broad as the transparent claw. 

 Apr. May. 



11. R. PENNSYLVANICUS. (R. hispidus. Ph.) Bristly Crowfoot. 



St. erect, and with the petioles covered with stiff, spreading hairs ; Ivs. vil- 

 lous, ternate, Ifts. subpetiolate, deeply 3-lobed, incisely serrate ; cal. reflexed, 

 rather longer than the roundish petals ; carpels tipped with a. short, straight 

 style. A very hairy species, in wet grounds, Can. and U. S. Stem li 3f 

 high. Leaves 2 3' diam. ; leaflets strongly veined and with spreading seg- 

 ments. Flowers numerous, small, bright yellow. Fruit in dense oblong or cy- 

 lindrical heads. Jn. Aug. 



12. R. REPENS. (R. intermedius. Eaton. R. Clintonii. Beck.') 



St. branching from the base, prostrate, radicating at the joints ; Ivs. trifo- 

 liate, Ifts. petiolate, cuneiform, 3-lobed, cut-dentate ; ped. furrowed; cal. spreading ; 

 carpels with a broad, not recurved point. In moist or shady places, Can. and 

 U. S. Stems 1 3 or 4f long, generally nairy at base, the early flowering 

 branches erect. Petioles hairy, long. Leaves hairy on the veins, dark green. 

 Flowers middle size, bright yellow. Petals often emarginate. May Jl. 



/?. linearilobus. DC. St. very long, floriferous ; lobes of Ivs. very narrow. 



y. Marilandicus. T. & G. St. and petioles densely hirsute with soft hairs ; 

 Ifts. distinctly petiolulate. 



13. R. PURSHII. Richardson. Floating Crmvfoot. 



Floating; st. long; submerged Ivs. cleft in to numerous capillary segments, 

 emersed ones reniform, 3 5-parted, the lobes variously divided ; sep. reflexed, 

 half as long as the petals ; carpels smooth, with a short, straight, ensiform style ; 

 hds. globose. Ponds, sluggish streams, and .muddy places, Can., U. S. Stem 

 1 2f or more in length, fistulous. Leaves pentangular in outline, f 1J' 

 diam., those below most finely divided ; petioles J 2' in length. Flowers 

 bright yellow, emerging on forked, striate peduncles. May, Jn. 



/?. (R. fluviatilis. Bw. R. lacustris. Beck.') Lvs. all capillaceous-multi- 

 fid ; fls. as large as in R. acris. 



14. R. AQUATILIS. /?. capillaceus. River Crowfoot. 



St. floating ; submersed Ivs. filiformly dissected ; pet. obovate, larger than the 

 calyx, white ; carpels transversely rugose. Ponds and sluggish streams, Arctic 

 Am. to S. Car. W. to Rocky Mts. The whole plant is submerged except the 

 flowers, and perhaps a few of the upper leaves. Stem 1 2f or more in length, 

 slender, weak, round, smooth, jointed. Leaves divided dichotomously into 

 numerous, hair-like segments, in outline roundish and 1' diam. Peduncles 

 thick, 1 1J' long. Flowers smaller than in R. acris. Petals rather narrow, 

 white, except the yellow claws. Jl. Aug. 



Observation. Several of the above mentioned species are double-flowered in cultivation, as Nos. 8, 9, 

 and 12. Of foreign species, R. Asiaticus, the garden Ranunculus, with large double flowers varying to 

 every hue, and R. aconitifolius, with white double flowers, are sometimes, but not generally, found in 

 our gardens. 



6. CALTHA. 



Gr. KaXflt&of, a goblet ; the yellow calyx may well be compared to a golden cup. 



Calyx colored, of 5 orbicular sepals, resembling petals ; corolla ; 

 stamens 00, shorter than the sepals ; follicles 5 10, oblong, com- 

 pressed, erect, many-seeded. %. Aquatic and very glabrous. 

 C. PALUSTRIS. Marsh Marigold. Cowslips. 



St. erect ; Ivs. cordate, suborbicular, crenate. Wet meadows, Can. to Car. 

 W. to Oregon. Root large, branching. Stem about If high, hollow, round, 

 13 



