176 XVII. VIOLACE^E. VIOLA. 



veiny, entire, white at the base, the lateral and upper ones marked with a few 

 blue striae. Very variable in respect to pubescence. May. 



3. sororia. T. & G. (V. sororia. Willd.} Nearly smooth; Ivs. exactly cor- 

 date ; fls. small. 



y. reniformis. Pubescent ; Ivs. broadly reniiorm. 



3. alba. T. & G. Nearly smooth ; fls. white. R. I. Olney I 



3. V. SAGITTATA. Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet. 



L/vs. oblong-lanceolate, sagittate-cordate, subacute, often incisely dentate 

 at base, serrate-crenate, smooth or slightly pubescent ; ped. longer than the 

 leaves ; lower and lateral pet. densely bearded. On dry hills, Can. to Flor. W. 

 to Ark. Leaves varying from oblong-sagittate to triangular-hastate, on mar- 

 gined petioles, acute or not. Scapes 3- 5' long. Sepals lanceolate, acute. 

 Petals entire, veiny, purplish-blue, white at base. Stigma rostrate, margined. 

 Apr. Jn. 



4. V. OVATA. Nutt. Ovate-leaved Violet. 



Lvs. ovate, crenate, ciliate, abruptly decurrent on the short petiole, pu- 

 bescent; lateral pet. bearded; stig. a little rostrate. On dry hills, N. J. Leaves 

 many, mostly hairy on both sides, sometimes nearly smooth, f as wide as long, 

 acute or not, upper ones often laciniate-dentate at base. Sepals ciliate, oblong- 

 ovate, deeply emarginate behind. Petals entire, veiny, pale-purple, obovate, 

 the lateral ones with dense white beard. Spur broad. Apr. May. 



5. V. PALMATA. Palmate A Violet. 



Pubescent ; Ivs. cordate, lobed in a hastate or palmate manner, the lobes 

 crenate and toothed, the middle one much the largest ; lateral pet. bearded. In 

 upland pastures, Can to Ark. Stem 3 G' high. Root-stock scaly. Petioles 

 hairy. The early leaves are ovate, entire, the later and perfect are often purple 

 beneath, variously lobed and cleft, the middle lobe always the largest and 

 longest, with 2 or 3 each side. Peduncle sub-4-angled, 3 6' long. Stipules 

 lanceolate. Petals purple, entire, veiny, white at the base, upper ones smaller, 

 lateral ones densely bearded, and marked with blue striae. May. 



6.-V. PEDATA. Pedate Violet. 



Nearly glabrous ; rt. premorse ; Ivs. pedate, 5 9-parted, segments linear- 

 lanceolate, mostly entire ; stig. large, obliquely truncate ; beak obscure. Dry 

 woods and pastures, Can. to 111. and to Flor. Rhizoma fleshy, ending abruptly 

 as if cut or bitten off. Leaves thick, divided into about 7 obtuse, narrow seg- 

 ments. Petioles with long, ciliate stipules at base. Peduncles sub-4-angled, 

 much longer than the leaves. Petals pale blue, white at base, all of them 

 beardless and entire. Apr. May. 



7. V. DELPHINIPOLIA. Nutt. Larkspur-leaved Violet. 



Nearly glabrous ; Ivs. pedate, 7 9-parted, with linear 2 3-cleft segments; 

 stig. thick, distinctly beaked; 2 upper petals pubescent, 3 lower emarginate; 

 spur, saccate, short. 1|. Prairies and bottoms^ 111. ! and Mo. Root thick. Leaves 

 often finely divided with many dissected segments. Stipules acuminate, sub- 

 entire. Peduncles a little longer than the leaves. Flowers rather smaller than 

 in the last, of a rich blue. Mar. Ap. 



8. V. PALUSTRIS. Mountain Violet. 



Lvs. reniform-cordate ; stip. broadly ovate, acuminate ; stig. margined ; 

 sepals ovate, obtuse ; caps, oblong-triangular; sds. ovate, dark green. Summits 

 of the White Mts. About 3' high, pubescent. Leaves crenate, 1' by |'. 

 Flowers small, pale blue, on peduncles longer than the leaves and bibracteate 

 near the middle. Rhizoma creeping, scaly. Jn. 



9. V. ODORATA. Sweet or English Violet. Stolons creeping; Ivs. cordate, 

 crenate, nearly smooth ; sep. obtuse ; lateral pet. with a hairy line. Native of 

 England. It is well characterized by its long, trailing, leafy runners. The 

 leaves are truly heart-shaped. Stipules lanceolate, toothed. Peduncles longer 

 than the leaves, bracted. Flowers small, fragrant. Several garden varieties 

 are known, distinguished by the form and color of the flowers ; viz. the purple, 

 white, and blue flowered, the double white, double purple, and double blue 

 flowered, and the Neapolitan with pale blue flowers. Apr. May. f 



